A distinct picornavirus group identified by sequence analysis.

Abstract

Although echovirus 22 is presently classified as a member of the enterovirus group in the family of picornaviruses, it has been reported to have exceptional biological properties when compared with other representatives of the group. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the echovirus 22 (Harris strain) genome, which appears to be significantly different from all the other studied picornaviruses. However, the organization of the genome [7339 nucleotides, excluding the poly(A) tract] is similar to that of previously sequenced picornaviruses. This genome includes a 5' untranslated region, relatively well-conserved when compared with aphtho-and cardioviruses, followed by an open reading frame coding for a 2180-amino acid-long polyprotein. The amino termini of capsid polypeptides VP1 and VP3 were determined by direct sequencing, and the other proteolytic cleavage sites in the polyprotein were predicted by comparison with other picornavirus proteins. The amino acid identities of echovirus 22 polypeptides with the corresponding proteins of other picornaviruses are in the 14-35% range, similar to those percentages seen when representatives of the five picornavirus groups (entero-, rhino-, cardio-, aphtho-, and hepatoviruses) are compared. Our results suggest that echovirus 22 belongs to an independent group of picornaviruses.

Integrin V 6 is a high-affinity receptor for coxsackievirus A9

“…CAV9 interacts with integrins aVb3 and aVb6 via an RGD motif (Roivainen et al, 1991(Roivainen et al, , 1994Williams et al, 2004). Similar functional RGD motifs have been identified in some other picornaviruses such as echovirus 9 Barty strain (an enterovirus; Zimmermann et al, 1997), human parechoviruses 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 (HPEVs; Hyypiä et al, 1992;Ghazi et al, 1998;Benschop et al, 2006) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV; Mason et al, 1994). Other suggested receptors with possible roles in post-attachment and/or internalization of CAV9, include GRP78 (Hsp70-5) and b 2 -microglobulin/ major histocompatibility complex I protein(s) (Triantafilou et al, 1999(Triantafilou et al, , 2000a(Triantafilou et al, , 2002.…”

Novel Human Parechovirus from Brazil

“…HPeV types 1 and 2 had been known as echoviruses 22 and 23 within the genus Enterovirus but were recognized in the early 1990s as an independent genus (2). Recognition of clinical relevance is increasing after 4 novel types were more recently described (3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

Evolution and conservation in human parechovirus genomes

“…Recently, HPeV1 has also been linked to otitis media (Tauriainen et al, 2008). With the isolation of several HPeV types in recent studies AlSunaidi et al, 2007;Baumgarte et al, 2008;Benschop et al, 2006b; Drexler et al, 2009;Ito et al, 2004;Li et al, 2009), eight types (1-8) of HPeVs are currently known.HPeVs have several distinctive features compared with other picornaviruses (Ghazi et al, 1998;Hyypiä et al, 1992;Stanway et al, 1994Stanway et al, , 2000. Post-translational cleavage of the polyprotein results in only three structural proteins (VP0, VP3 and VP1), as the cleavage of VP0 to VP4 and VP2 seen in other picornaviruses does not occur (Stanway et al, 1994).…”