A dispersion modelling system SILAM and its evaluation against ETEX data

Sofiev, M.; Siljamo, Pilvi; Valkama, I.; Ilvonen, Mikko; Kukkonen, Jaakko

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.069

Cited by 164 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Depending on particle size, which takes into account the particle hygroscopic growth, mechanisms of dry deposition varied from primarily turbulent diffusion driven removal of fine aerosols to primarily gravitational settling of coarse particles (Kouznetsov and Sofiev, 2012). Wet deposition distinguished between sub-and in-cloud scavenging by both rain and snow (Horn et al, 1987;Smith and Clark, 1989;Jylhä, 1991;Sofiev et al, 2006). The sources for BC deposited at Holtedahlfonna were investigated by tagging the different emission sectors while computing atmospheric dispersion of BC.…”

Section: Atmospheric Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The climate impact of black carbon (BC) is notably amplified in the Arctic by its deposition, which causes albedo decrease and subsequent earlier snow and ice spring melt. To comprehensively assess the climate impact of BC in the Arctic, information on both atmospheric BC concentrations and deposition is essential. Currently, Arctic BC deposition data are very scarce, while atmospheric BC concentrations have been shown to generally decrease since the 1990s. However, a 300-year Svalbard ice core showed a distinct increase in EC (elemental carbon, proxy for BC) deposition from 1970 to 2004 contradicting atmospheric measurements and modelling studies. Here, our objective was to decipher whether this increase has continued in the 21st century and to investigate the drivers of the observed EC deposition trends. For this, a shallow firn core was collected from the same Svalbard glacier, and a regional-to-meso-scale chemical transport model (SILAM) was run from 1980 to 2015. The ice and firn core data indicate peaking EC deposition values at the end of the 1990s and lower values thereafter. The modelled BC deposition results generally support the observed glacier EC variations. However, the ice and firn core results clearly deviate from both measured and modelled atmospheric BC concentration trends, and the modelled BC deposition trend shows variations seemingly independent from BC emission or atmospheric BC concentration trends. Furthermore, according to the model ca. 99 % BC mass is wet-deposited at this Svalbard glacier, indicating that meteorological processes such as precipitation and scavenging efficiency have most likely a stronger influence on the BC deposition trend than BC emission or atmospheric concentration trends. BC emission source sectors contribute differently to the modelled atmospheric BC concentrations and BC deposition, which further supports our conclusion that different processes affect atmospheric BC concentration and deposition trends. Consequently, Arctic BC deposition trends should not directly be inferred based on atmospheric BC measurements, and more observational BC deposition data are required to assess the climate impact of BC in Arctic snow.

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Section: Atmospheric Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?

et al. 2017

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“…The wet deposition parameterization distinguishes between sub-and in-cloud scavenging by both rain and snow (Sofiev et al, 2006b). For coarse particles, impaction scavenging is dominant below the cloud.…”

Section: Dispersion Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MACC regional multi-model ensemble simulations of birch pollen dispersion in Europe

et al. 2015

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Abstract. This paper presents the first ensemble modelling experiment in relation to birch pollen in Europe. The sevenmodel European ensemble of MACC-ENS, tested in trial simulations over the flowering season of 2010, was run through the flowering season of 2013. The simulations have been compared with observations in 11 countries, all members of the European Aeroallergen Network, for both individual models and the ensemble mean and median. It is shown that the models successfully reproduced the timing of the very late season of 2013, generally within a couple of days from the observed start of the season. The end of the season was generally predicted later than observed, by 5 days or more, which is a known feature of the source term used in the study. Absolute pollen concentrations during the seaPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. M. Sofiev et al.: MACC regional multi-model ensemble simulations of birch pollen dispersionson were somewhat underestimated in the southern part of the birch habitat. In the northern part of Europe, a recordlow pollen season was strongly overestimated by all models. The median of the multi-model ensemble demonstrated robust performance, successfully eliminating the impact of outliers, which was particularly useful since for most models this was the first experience of pollen forecasting.

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“…This modified SSSF was implemented in the dispersion model SILAM (Sofiev et al 2006) and applied to compute the distribution of sea salt over the North Atlantic and Western Europe, as well as globally. The influence of sea surface temperature and salinity were evaluated using data from several campaigns, long-term in situ and satellite data (MODIS AOD).…”

Section: Sea Spray Aerosol Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

Leeuw

Guieu

Arneth

et al. 2013

Ocean-Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles

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This chapter provides an overview of the current knowledge on aerosols in the marine atmosphere and the effects of aerosols on climate and on processes in the oceanic surface layer. Aerosol particles in the marine atmosphere originate predominantly from direct production at the sea surface due to the interaction between wind and waves (sea spray aerosol, or SSA) and indirect production by gas to particle conversion. These aerosols are supplemented by aerosols produced over the continents, as well as aerosols emitted by volcanoes and ship traffic, a large part of it being deposited to the ocean surface by dry and wet deposition. The SSA sources, chemical composition and ensuing physical and optical effects, are discussed. An overview is presented of continental sources and their ageing and mixing processes during transport. The current status of our knowledge on effects of marine aerosols on the Earth radiative balance, both direct by their interaction with solar radiation and indirect through their effects on cloud properties, is discussed. The deposition on the ocean surface of some key species, such as nutrients, their bioavailability and how they impact biogeochemical cycles are shown and discussed through different time and space scales approaches.

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A dispersion modelling system SILAM and its evaluation against ETEX data

Cited by 164 publications

References 24 publications

Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?

Do contemporary (1980–2015) emissions determine the elemental carbon deposition trend at Holtedahlfonna glacier, Svalbard?

MACC regional multi-model ensemble simulations of birch pollen dispersion in Europe

Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions of Particles

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