A Disfiguring Rash

Zambrano, Andrea; Church, Elizabeth; McKay, K Matthew; Carnes, Stephanie K.; Morse, Ryan J; Leveque, Thellea K.; Roxby, Alison C.

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab332

Cited by 3 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Intraocular infection is exceedingly rare, with only isolated case reports and a systematic review in the published literature [9,[59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. Intraocular sporotrichosis can present as endophthalmitis, granulomatous uveitis, scleritis, retinitis, choroiditis, or iridocyclitis [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. According to the source of infection, intraocular sporotrichosis may be either exogenous or endogenous.…”

Section: Intraocular Sporotrichosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Sporothrix is a severe but uncommon cause of intraocular inflammation [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. This disease is caused by hematogenous dissemination of the Sporothrix fungus spread of cutaneous or disseminated sporotrichosis to the eye.…”

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This disease is caused by hematogenous dissemination of the Sporothrix fungus spread of cutaneous or disseminated sporotrichosis to the eye. S. schenckii is the most common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis [66,[69][70][71][72][73][74], although there have been cases reported of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by S. brasiliensis, an emergent pathogen associated with the zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis in Brazil [67,68]. The clinical findings include choroiditis, chorioretinitis, uveitis, and retinitis [67,70,73,74].…”

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. schenckii is the most common cause of endogenous endophthalmitis [66,[69][70][71][72][73][74], although there have been cases reported of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by S. brasiliensis, an emergent pathogen associated with the zoonotic transmission of sporotrichosis in Brazil [67,68]. The clinical findings include choroiditis, chorioretinitis, uveitis, and retinitis [67,70,73,74]. A systematic review reveals that posterior uveitis seems to be a clinical manifestation more common in endogenous endophthalmitis caused by Sporothrix, especially in HIV-infected patients from hyperendemic areas (Table 5) [9].…”

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to patients with exogenous endophthalmitis, all patients with endogenous endophthalmitis have an identifiable systemic infection. Systemic infections include sporotrichosis disseminated, osteoarticular, and widespread multiorgan dissemination (including cutaneous, osteoarticular, and pulmonary) [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. Patients with endogenous endophthalmitis may present with varying inflammation, decreased vision, and visual loss in some cases.…”

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular Sporotrichosis

Ramírez-Soto

Tirado‐Sánchez

Bonifáz

2021

JoF

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Sporotrichosis is a subacute or chronic mycosis predominant in tropical and subtropical regions. It is an infection of subcutaneous tissue caused by Sporothrix fungus species, but occasionally resulting in an extracutaneous condition, including osteoarticular, pulmonary, nervous central system, and ocular disease. Cases of ocular sporotrichosis are rare, but reports have been increasing in recent decades. Ocular infections usually occur in hyperendemic areas of sporotrichosis. For its classification, anatomic criteria are used. The clinical presentation is the infection in the ocular adnexal and intraocular infection. Ocular adnexa infections include palpebral, conjunctivitis, and infections of the lacrimal sac. Intraocular infection includes exogenous or endogenous endophthalmitis. Most infections in the ocular adnexal have been reported in Brazil, China and Peru, and intraocular infections are limited to the USA and Brazil. Diagnosis is performed from Sporothrix isolation in the mycological examination from ocular or skin samples. Both sporotrichosis in the ocular adnexa and intraocular infection can mimic several infectious and non-infectious medical conditions. Ocular adnexa infections are treated with potassium iodide and itraconazole. The intraocular infection is treated with amphotericin B. This review describes the clinical findings and epidemiological, diagnosis, and treatment of ocular sporotrichosis.

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Section: Intraocular Sporotrichosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Endogenous Endophthalmitismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular Sporotrichosis

Ramírez-Soto

Tirado‐Sánchez

Bonifáz

2021

JoF

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Methotrexate/prednisone

2022

Reactions Weekly

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Epidemiology of Clinical Sporotrichosis in the Americas in the Last Ten Years

Hernández‐Castro

Pinto‐Almazán

Arenas

et al. 2022

JoF

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Background: Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by species of the Sporothrix genus. Presently, the prevalence of sporotrichosis in the Americas is unknown, so this study aims to analyze the cases reported in the past 10 years. Methods: An advanced search was conducted from 2012 to 2022 in English and Spanish in PUBMED, SciELO, and Cochrane, with the terms: “sporotrichosis”, “lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis”, “fixed sporotrichosis”, “mycosis”, “Sporothrix spp.”, “Sporothrix complex”, “S. schenckii sensu stricto”, “S. schenckii sensu lato”, “S. globose”, “S. brasiliensis”, “S. luriei”. Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection caused by species of the Sporothrix genus associated with “pathogenicity” or “epidemiology”. Results: A total of 124 articles were found in the Americas, corresponding to 12,568 patients. Of these, 87.38% of cases were reported in South America, 11.62% in North America, and 1.00% in Central America and the Caribbean. Brazil, Peru, and Mexico had the highest number of cases. The most prevalent etiological agents were S. schenckii complex/Sporothrix spp. (52.91%), S. schenckii (42.38%), others (4.68%), and Not Determined (ND) (0.03%). The most frequent form of the disease was lymphocutaneous infection; however, the infection type was not determined in 5639 cases. Among the diagnostic methods, culture was the most used. Conclusions: There is a high occurrence of cases reported in the literature. South America is the region with the highest number of reports because of its environment (climate, inhalation of spores, etc.), zoonotic transmission (scratches and sneezes from contaminated animals), and possible traumatic inoculation due to outdoor activities (agriculture, gardening, and related occupations). Molecular diagnosis has not been sufficiently developed due to its high cost.

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A Disfiguring Rash

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Ocular Sporotrichosis

Ocular Sporotrichosis

Methotrexate/prednisone

Epidemiology of Clinical Sporotrichosis in the Americas in the Last Ten Years

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