A Disease Once Sacred. A History of the Medical Understanding of Epilepsy

Pierce, Joseph M.

doi:10.1093/brain/awf038

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…If someone with epilepsy, in the course of a seizure, flails and strikes another person, that epileptic would never be considered to have criminally assaulted the person who they struck. But in earlier times, that is exactly what would have been concluded, and epilepsy was often assumed to be a case of retributive demonic possession (Eadie & Bladin 2001). Instead, we are now a century or two into readily dealing with the alternative view of, 'it is not him, it is his disease'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The frontal cortex and the criminal justice system

Sapolsky

2006

Law and the Brain

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It is the duty of every academic to argue for the importance of their field, and to tout the recent advances and expansion that it has undergone. Despite the clichéd ubiquity of this pattern, I believe that neuroscience and our understanding of the functioning of the brain has undergone a particularly dramatic example of this expansion. As one measure of it, the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, arguably the premier general neuroscience conference, attracts some 25 000 attendees and features some 14 000 poster or lecture presentations. Many of these subjects concern deadening minutia (except, of course, to the three people on Earth feverishly taken with that topic), but some findings in neuroscience should seem nothing short of flabbergasting to any intelligent person.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The frontal cortex and the criminal justice system

Sapolsky

2006

Law and the Brain

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“…These connections can either be on the micro- or macroscopic level. On the microscopic level, anatomic connectivity can include dendritic sprouting and the forming of new synaptic connections [85] while, on a larger scale, anatomic connectivity encompasses the large white matter fiber tracts, which connect spatially disparate brain regions.…”

Section: Electrophysiological Imaging Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological Imaging of Brain Activity and Connectivity—Challenges and Opportunities

Yang

Wilke

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng.

252

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Unlocking the dynamic inner workings of the brain continues to remain a grand challenge of the 21st century. To this end, functional neuroimaging modalities represent an outstanding approach to better understand the mechanisms of both normal and abnormal brain function. The ability to image brain function with ever increasing spatial and temporal resolution utilizing minimal or non-invasive procedures has made a significant leap over the past several decades. Further delineation of functional networks could lead to improved understanding of brain function in both normal as well as diseased states. This article reviews recent advancements and current challenges in dynamic functional neuroimaging techniques, including electrophysiological source imaging, multimodal neuroimaging integrating fMRI with EEG/MEG, and functional connectivity imaging.

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“…The word epilepsy is derived from the Greek word epilam-banein, which means to seize [1]. Epilepsy is defined as a group of abnormal neurological disorders characterized by recurrent unpredictable activities [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carbamazepine and Sodium Valproate on Liver Enzymes of Epileptic Children

Mahgoub¹,

Abdoun²,

Azam³

et al. 2020

DSAHMJ

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Carbamazepine and sodium valproate are one of the most common antiepileptic medications used in clinical practice. The period of treatment is commonly associated with benign alternation of the liver enzymes due to drug metabolism. Evaluation of asymptomatic enzymatic changes could be challenging to the expert clinician and may expose patients to unnecessary procedures or expenses. Thus, this article aims to focus on the frequency of liver enzyme abnormalities among epileptic children. For this, an analytic cross-sectional study was conducted in 100 epileptic patients who received carbamazepine or sodium valproate for 1 year. Those with healthy pretreatment liver enzymes were recruited for the study. The results showed an elevation of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) in 24% of the patients treated with sodium valproate (p = 0.01) and 20% of the patients treated with carbamazepine. Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) was elevated in both groups to a similar extent, 6% (p = 0.01). In conclusion, the study showed a lower proportion of liver enzyme abnormalities, since AST is a less sensitive biomarker when compared to ALT. No measurement exceeds twice the average value, nor are there any clinical abnormalities. There is no proven value of routine liver enzyme measurement in asymptomatic patients in our study. However, baseline enzyme tests are recommended. Further controlled studies on a larger sample size are required.

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A Disease Once Sacred. A History of the Medical Understanding of Epilepsy

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

The frontal cortex and the criminal justice system

The frontal cortex and the criminal justice system

Electrophysiological Imaging of Brain Activity and Connectivity—Challenges and Opportunities

Effect of Carbamazepine and Sodium Valproate on Liver Enzymes of Epileptic Children

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