A discrete truncated Pareto distribution

Kozubowski, Tomasz J.; Panorska, Anna K.; Forister, Matthew L.

doi:10.1016/j.stamet.2015.04.002

Cited by 20 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Based on this hypothesis, Forister and Jenkins (2017) simulated diet breadth evolution, excluding any postulate of trade-offs between generalists and specialists, employing an extended neutral theory model. The diet breadth distributions were similar to those observed in natural communities Kozubowski et al 2015). Forister and Jenkins (2017) elegantly showed how to integrate generationand maintenance-based processes in herbivorous insects; host breadth is a central concept in both processes.…”

Section: Two Major Processes May Determine the Present Species Diverssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…3). Several studies have suggested that a discrete truncated Pareto distribution is a suitable fit for the dietary breadth of herbivores Kozubowski et al 2015), although few studies have been Fig. 2 A simplified image of the approach for assessing the importance and roles of niche for species diversification, using three dynamics in a herbivore lineage: species diversification (i.e.…”

Section: Two Major Processes May Determine the Present Species Diversmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species diversity of herbivorous insects: a brief review to bridge the gap between theories focusing on the generation and maintenance of diversity

Nakadai

2017

Ecological Research

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Herbivorous insects are remarkably species‐diverse, and the cause of such diversity remains a classical issue in the fields of ecology and evolution. The traditional explanation for the huge diversity of such insects is that repeated dietary changes over evolutionary time provided opportunities for speciation, thereby enhancing the diversification rate. A different view suggests that herbivore diversity became saturated over time, with factors affecting the points of dynamic equilibrium of species diversity within each lineage (and thus associated with maintenance of species diversity) being the determinants of the diversity evident today. Thus, both generation and maintenance processes, and their relative importance, are critical for understanding the diversity of herbivorous insects. Furthermore, the neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography has recently gained attention as an alternative explanation for the generation and maintenance of diversity, as opposed to adaptive processes centred around host specificity. However, these possible routes toward herbivore diversity have rarely been evaluated in parallel, and the work of various groups has become both segmentalised and complicated, compromising any comprehensive understanding of the issue. Thus, in the present paper, I briefly review our knowledge of herbivore diversity and the major relevant studies. The aim was to share knowledge, creating a common starting point from which future discussions among researchers may be generated. It may be that no single approach can resolve the many remaining questions on herbivore diversity. However, an improved understanding of such diversity can be achieved by combining knowledge gained in studies of both the generation and maintenance of diversity.

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Section: Two Major Processes May Determine the Present Species Diverssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Two Major Processes May Determine the Present Species Diversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species diversity of herbivorous insects: a brief review to bridge the gap between theories focusing on the generation and maintenance of diversity

Nakadai

2017

Ecological Research

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“…In general, our approach is complementary to other attempts to create ecologically realistic food web models—for example, probabilistic models of the number of links per species which stay within ecological values. 45 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Links-Species Scaling Relationship in Food Webs

2020

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Summary Predicting the number of interactions among species in a food web is an important task. These trophic interactions underlie many ecological and evolutionary processes, ranging from biomass fluxes, ecosystem stability, resilience to extinction, and resistance against novel species. We investigate and compare several ways to predict the number of interactions in food webs. We conclude that a simple beta-binomial model outperforms other models, with the added desirable property of respecting biological constraints. We show how this simple relationship gives rise to a predicted distribution of several quantities related to link number in food webs, including the scaling of network structure with space and the probability that a network will be stable.

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“…Diet breadths at the species, genus, and family levels refer to the number of plant species, genus, or family that the caterpillar of any given butterfly species can use as host (as in the study by Forister et al ., ). To investigate diet breadth distribution in Sydney butterflies, I fitted the diet breadth to the discrete truncated Pareto distribution for estimates of α (Kozubowski et al ., ). Higher estimates of α can be interpreted as higher density of diet specialists (narrow diet breadths).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Species‐level, but not family‐level diet breadth predicts geographic distribution of Sydney butterflies

Morimoto

2019

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. Diet specialisation drives life-history adaptations and is an important factor determining the geographic distribution of species.2. Previous empirical studies have shown that diet specialists should compose the majority of species in a given location, and theory predicts that generalists should have higher geographic distribution range compared with specialists (the niche breadth-range size hypothesis). Although the evidence in support of these predictions remain scarce for herbivorous insects from isolated regions of the world such as Sydney on the east coast of Australia.3. Here, I compiled data from a public database to test these predictions. By measuring the diet breadth and geographic distribution of Sydney butterflies, I showed that species-, genus-and family-level diet breadth agree with worldwide patterns for Lepidoptera, whereby diet breadth is composed largely of specialist species with a long tail of generalists.4. Furthermore, species-and genus-(but not family-)level diet breadths were positively correlated with geographic distribution, providing supporting evidence for the niche breadth-range size hypothesis. 5. A machine-learning algorithm revealed that the positive relationship between diet breadth and geographic distribution was likely to be influenced by a common evolutionary history amongst species.6. The findings of this study in Sydney butterflies provide support for an important yet debated ecological hypothesis, thereby contributing to our understanding of ecological and nutritional factors driving butterfly species distribution.

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A discrete truncated Pareto distribution

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Species diversity of herbivorous insects: a brief review to bridge the gap between theories focusing on the generation and maintenance of diversity

Species diversity of herbivorous insects: a brief review to bridge the gap between theories focusing on the generation and maintenance of diversity

Revisiting the Links-Species Scaling Relationship in Food Webs

Species‐level, but not family‐level diet breadth predicts geographic distribution of Sydney butterflies

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