“…Initially viewed as a water scarcity issue, the concept of water security has evolved over time and is now looked at holistically, encompassing several dimensions (Cook & Bakker, 2012;Chapagain et al, 2022). A widely accepted definition of water security provided by UN-Water (2013) Water security assessment has received increasing attention from academicians, practitioners, planners, and policy-and decisionmakers, with varieties of frameworks developed for different scales (Sullivan, 2002;Vörösmarty et al, 2010;Grey & Sadoff, 2007;Cook & Bakker, 2012;van Leeuwen & Chandy, 2013;UN-Water, 2013;Gerlak et al, 2018;Assefa, Babel, Sušnik, & Shinde, 2018;Krueger, Rao, & Borchardt, 2019;Jensen & Wu, 2018;Aboelnga, Ribbe, Frechen, & Saghir, 2019;Young et al, 2019;Chang & Zhu, 2020;Babel, Shinde, Sharma, & Dang, 2020;Khan, Guan, Khan, & Khan, 2020;Chang & Zhu, 2021;Zakeri, Mirnia, & Moradi, 2022;Chapagain et al, 2022;Babel et al, 2022;GWP, 2000;ADB, 2013ADB, , 2016WEF, 2020).…”