A direct regional scale estimate of transgene movement from genetically modified oilseed rape to its wild progenitors

Wilkinson, M. J.; Davenport, I. J.; Charters, Y. M.; Jones, Alexandra M. E.; Allainguillaume, Joël; Butler, H. T.; Mason, David C.; Raybould, Alan

doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00986.x

Cited by 103 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…AFLP clearly has great potential as a way of monitoring the genetic stability of in vitro plants, particularly those that possess superior phytochemical traits and that are multiplied by tissue culture methods. We are also investigating the potential of flow cytometry (Rabinovitch, 1994;Wilkinson et al, 2000) for rapidly screening the ploidy level and genetic constitution of Papaver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using AFLP markers for species differentiation and assessment of genetic variability of in vitro-cultured Papaver bracteatum (section Oxytona)

Carolan

Hook

Walsh

et al. 2002

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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SummaryAmplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were employed to detect genetic variation among species of Papaver (section Oxytona ) and assess genetic fidelity between in vitro cell lines of Papaver bracteatum and mature plants derived from the propagation of their callus cultures. Regenerated plants exhibited morphological and phytochemical characteristics dissimilar to those of their source material. Thebaine, the dominant alkaloid produced by Papaver bracteatum, was not detected in capsules from mature regenerated accessions, indicating that there may have been a loss of genetic uniformity. Instead, the dominant alkaloid produced by the regenerated plant was shown to be isothebaine (by TLC and GC/MS), a metabolic characteristic of P. pseudo-orientale. A Neighbor-Joining tree constructed from AFLP fingerprints distinctly separates the three species of Oxytona while firmly grouping the in vitro-cultured plants with P. pseudo-orientale. Additionally, phytochemical data and chromosome counts indicate that the seed used to initiate cultures was of hybrid origin and that the loss in genetic uniformity was not due to somaclonal variation occurring during the in vitro culture process. AFLP fingerprinting was therefore able to differentiate Oxytona species and investigate allopolyploidy in closely related Papaver species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using AFLP markers for species differentiation and assessment of genetic variability of in vitro-cultured Papaver bracteatum (section Oxytona)

Carolan

Hook

Walsh

et al. 2002

In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. - Plant

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“…Depending on the parental genotypes, experimental design, agricultural practices and site, the hybrid frequencies ranged from 0 to 69% (Jørgensen et al, 1999. In the wild habitat of B. rapa along riverbanks, hybridization frequencies were very low (Scott and Wilkinson, 1998;Wilkinson et al, 2000) whilst higher frequencies were found where B. rapa occurs as a weed in oilseed rape (Norris et al, 2004). The F 1 , F 2 and BC generations tended to be rather fertile and fit (Hauser et al, 1998a(Hauser et al, , 1998b(Hauser et al, , 2003.…”

Section: Hybridization and Introgression With Wild Relativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Devos

Reheul

Schrijver

et al. 2004

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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The potential commercialization of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape in Europe raises various concerns about their potential environmental and agronomic impacts, especially those associated with the escape of transgenes. Pollen of oilseed rape can be dispersed in space, resulting in the fertilization of sympatric compatible wild relatives (e.g. Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape cultivars grown nearby (GM and/or non-GM Brassica napus). The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. Given the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in oilseed rape, it is obvious that the safe and sound integration of GMHT oilseed rape in Europe may require significant on-farm and off-farm management efforts. Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus, (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. The implementation of the recommended practices may, however, be difficult, entailing various challenges.

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“…Cultivated oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and weedy B. rapa are able to hybridise and backcross spontaneously in fields and in experiments (Jørgensen and Andersen, 1994;Jørgensen et al, 1996;Mikkelsen et al, 1996), even though the frequency of hybrid seeds varies a lot between experiments (Jørgensen and Andersen, 1994), fields and geographical regions (Wilkinson et al, 2000). Surprisingly, F 1 plants sometimes set many more seeds than B. rapa (Hauser et al, 1998b) but much fewer in other cases (Mikkelsen, 1996;Jørgensen et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male fitness of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), weedy B. rapa and their F1 hybrids when pollinating B. rapa seeds

Pertl

Hauser

Damgaard³

et al. 2002

Heredity

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The likelihood that two species hybridise and backcross may depend strongly on environmental conditions, and possibly on competitive interactions between parents and hybrids. We studied the paternity of seeds produced by weedy Brassica rapa growing in mixtures with oilseed rape (B. napus) and their F 1 hybrids at different frequencies and densities. Paternity was determined by the presence of a transgene, morphology, and AFLP markers. In addition, observations of flower and pollen production, and published data on pollen fertilisation success, zygote survival, and seed germination, allowed us to estimate an expected paternity. The frequency and density of B. napus, B. rapa, and F 1 plants had a strong influence on flower, pollen, and seed production, and on the

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A direct regional scale estimate of transgene movement from genetically modified oilseed rape to its wild progenitors

Cited by 103 publications

References 32 publications

Using AFLP markers for species differentiation and assessment of genetic variability of in vitro-cultured Papaver bracteatum (section Oxytona)

Using AFLP markers for species differentiation and assessment of genetic variability of in vitro-cultured Papaver bracteatum (section Oxytona)

Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow

Male fitness of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), weedy B. rapa and their F1 hybrids when pollinating B. rapa seeds

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