A direct coupled photovoltaic seawater reverse osmosis desalination system toward battery based systems — a technical and economical experimental comparative study

Mohamed, Essam Sh.; Papadakis, G.; Mathioulakis, E.; Belessiotis, V.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2007.01.065

Cited by 119 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Both rotary positive displacement pumps (e.g., rotary vane [30,31,57] and progressive cavity pumps [41]) and reciprocating pumps (e.g., piston [6,9,10,22,47] and diaphragm pumps [37]) were used. The Clark pump, a reciprocating pump that was specifically developed for energy recovery in small desalination systems and that was used in several PV-RO applications in combination with reciprocating plunger pumps [23,38] and rotary vane pumps [16] for seawater desalination, was shown to significantly reduce energy consumption. For the desalination of brackish water, systems using rotary pumps have the lowest energy consumption.…”

Section: Capacity (M 3 /Day)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pelton turbines were used in early systems [29]. More recently devices that are more efficient at low flows were developed, such as Clark pumps [16,38], hy- [16,38], hy-, hydraulic motors [11], energy recovery pumps [47,54], and pressure exchangers [11,19]. Studies comparing different recovery mechanisms applied to the same PV-RO system reached different conclusions [11,38], possibly indicating that the choice of the most efficient energy recovery device is system-specific.…”

Section: Capacity (M 3 /Day)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solar-driven desalination with reverse osmosis: the state of the art

Ghermandi

Messalem

2009

Desalination and Water Treatment

148

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ab s t r ac tSolar-driven reverse osmosis desalination can potentially break the dependence of conventional desalination on fossil fuels, reduce operational costs, and improve environmental sustainability. The experience with solar desalination is investigated based on the analysis of 79 experimental and design systems worldwide. Our results show that photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis is technically mature and -at unit costs as low as 2-3 US$ m -3 -economically cost-competitive with other water supply sources for small-scale systems in remote areas. Under favourable conditions, hybrid systems with additional renewable or conventional power sources perform as good as or better than photovoltaic-powered reverse osmosis. We suggest that in the short-term, solar RO desalination will gain shares in the market of small-scale desalination in remote areas. Concentrating solar power technologies have the highest potential in the medium-term for breakthrough developments in large-scale solar desalination.

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Section: Capacity (M 3 /Day)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Capacity (M 3 /Day)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar-driven desalination with reverse osmosis: the state of the art

Ghermandi

Messalem

2009

Desalination and Water Treatment

148

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“…Hybrid solar/wind reverse osmosis systems have been developed [6][7][8]. Researchers have also developed batteryless reverse osmosis systems powered by photovoltaics [9][10][11][12] or wind [13]. The different solutions developed show a large range of possible system configurations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have also looked at developing design tools to aid the design of power systems for reverse osmosis systems. Mohamed presents a method to design a hybrid PV and wind-powered RO system using a spreadsheet model and average solar and wind data to size the individual system components [9]. Voivontas describes a design program to aid in the design of a renewable energy-powered desalination system [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of power systems for reverse osmosis desalination in remote communities

Bilton

Kelley

2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Many remote communities lack access to a reliable water supply. They often have access to brackish groundwater or seawater, making reverse osmosis desalination a possible solution. However, reverse osmosis desalination is an energy-intensive process and many remote communities are off the electrical grid. Determining the most economic reverse osmosis system configuration and electrical power source for a given remote community is a challenge due to their unique resource availabilities. This paper presents an optimization-based approach to compare the economics of different small-scale reverse osmosis systems and power sources for remote communities. In this approach, physical models describe the performance of electrical power systems composed of photovoltaics, wind turbines, diesel generators, batteries, and hybrid systems. These power system models are coupled to a reverse osmosis system model to determine the water production. An optimization is performed to determine the most economic power system configuration, reverse osmosis system size, and water storage size that meets the desired water production reliability. The reliability is expressed as loss of water probability, which is computed using hourly environmental data. Here, this method is used to configure a reverse osmosis system for small communities. Results are presented for locations in Honduras, Eritrea, and Australia. Results show that the local climatic conditions greatly influence the economic attractiveness of different technologies. The variety of solutions found using this approach demonstrate the ability of the method to aid in the design of a power system and reverse osmosis system configuration for any location.

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“…Several research and demonstration studies have been carried out about the implementation of RES, such as solar energy through photovoltaics (PV) [12] and solar thermal energy through solar collectors [13][14][15], in small-scale SWRO desalination plants. Recently, a directly PV driven stand-alone SWRO desalination system (i.e., without the use of any conventional energy storage system) was experimentally investigated under variable load operating conditions and its unit cost of water produced was compared to the cost of transported water in one typical island of the Cyclades complex, Greece.…”

Section: Research On Stand-alone Swro Desalination Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Energy Driven Small-Scale Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination Systems: A Survey

Karavas¹,

Papadakis²

2017

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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EditorialIn recent years, water and energy constitute two of the most important concerns of the worldwide agenda. These resources comprise essential commodities for the preservation of life on Earth and the human survival. At the dawn of the 21st century, there are more than 2 billion people without access to fresh water [1]. Taking into consideration that 97% of the earth's water comes from the oceans, an attractive solution to the lack of potable water is seawater desalination [2]. The main desalination processes are the thermal and the membranes ones. The membrane processes, such as electrodialysis and primarily reverse osmosis (RO), have been implemented not only on desalination but generally on water treatment and now have more global acceptance than thermal processes [3]. RO is a process where the feed water enters a semi-permeable membrane under pressure, larger than the osmotic pressure, and the membrane produces fresh water and concentrate solution [4].Water separation processes such as desalination require energy to produce fresh water and the minimum theoretical energy for desalination is 1.06 kWh/m 3 [5]. However, desalination plants consume higher amounts of energy per unit volume of fresh water produced. The continuous increase of the fossil fuels prices and their environmental impact as compared to the advantages of renewable energy and corresponding renewable energy systems (RES), makes the combination of RES with desalination units a sustainable and economically viable solution [6]. There are numerous studies for desalination plants powered by renewable energy technologies such as RO desalination units using solar energy, wind energy and thermal energy. Most of them focus on the quantity of the water production from the desalination unit with the aim to minimize the specific energy consumption (kWh/m 3 ) and the total investment cost. Research on Stand-Alone SWRO Desalination PlantsIn the past two decades, various SWRO desalination systems were developed in many areas in the world such as islands and regions, which face significant shortage in drinking water supply. Most of them use energy recovery devices (such as pressure exchangers and turbine systems) in order to reduce the energy requirements of the RO plant since more than 90% of the input energy to a RO desalination system is wasted in the brine line. Excellent results have been attained with regard to the specific energy consumption when small-scale SWRO desalination units are combined with energy recovery devices [7]. Specifically, a small-scale SWRO desalination unit with energy recovery device can present more than 80% reduction in its energy consumption compared to a same conventional desalination system (without energy recovery device) [8]. Historically, SWRO desalination systems were designed and developed for steady power input (nominal load operation). However, various studies have shown that lower specific energy consumption can be reached when a SWRO desalination unit operates at variable load conditions (over a range of input...

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A direct coupled photovoltaic seawater reverse osmosis desalination system toward battery based systems — a technical and economical experimental comparative study

Cited by 119 publications

References 2 publications

Solar-driven desalination with reverse osmosis: the state of the art

Solar-driven desalination with reverse osmosis: the state of the art

Design of power systems for reverse osmosis desalination in remote communities

Renewable Energy Driven Small-Scale Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Desalination Systems: A Survey

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