A diní­¢mica sazonal das pescarias de pequena escala na Amazônia é definida pelo pulso hidrológico

Abstract

O presente estudo analisou a dinâmica de uma pescaria de pequena escala na Amazônia, em associação com o ciclo hidrológico. Dados de desembarque pesqueiro foram coletados, diariamente, no período de fevereiro/2007 a janeiro/2008, no Porto Panairzinha em Manacapuru, Amazonas-Brasil (3º 18'33"S e 60º 33'21"W). Os resultados mostraram que a frota atuante no Lago grande é composta por canoas motorizadas e barcos de pesca. Sendo o primeiro superior ao segundo em número. A média do pescado desembarcado foi de 274,15 ton.ano-1. Ocorrendo uma menor produção nos períodos de enchente/cheia e maior na vazante/seca. As principais espécies desembarcadas foram: Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui = 17,8%), Cichla monoculus (tucunaré = 15,5%), Prochilodus nigricans (curimatã = 12,2%), Astronotus ocellatus (acará-açu = 8,7%) e Osteoglossum bicirrhosum (aruanã = 8,4%), predominando a malhadeira (97%) nessas capturas. Foi observado que a sazonalidade do Rio Solimões, influencia diretamente nas pescarias e na disponibilidade do pescado. Nesse sentido, decisões envolvendo o manejo pesqueiro nessa região devem adotar medidas que assegurem a sustentabilidade da pesca local, considerando como essencial a relação entre o peixe, o ambiente e aspectos socioeconômicos das pescarias de pequena escala.

FISHING PRODUCTION OF <i>Pinirampus pirinampu</i> AND <i>Brachyplatystoma platynemum</i> CATFISH HAS BEEN AFFECTED BY LARGE DAMS OF THE MADEIRA RIVER (BRAZILIAN AMAZON)

“…Fisheries in the Madeira River region are classified as small-scale artisanal fishing and present traits common to fishing activities conducted in other areas of the Amazon basin, such as being multi-species, multi-equipment and seasonal (Doria et al, 2012). Hydrological seasonality interferes with the total production and catch composition of fish species, since fish stocks are synchronized with river water level variations due to their migratory reproduction and dispersal processes (Garcez et al, 2017;Lima et al, 2017). Meanwhile, fishers demonstrate knowledge of the fishing environment and adapt to these variations to succeed in their livelihood (Isaac et al, 2015;Garcez et al, 2017).…”

“…Hydrological seasonality interferes with the total production and catch composition of fish species, since fish stocks are synchronized with river water level variations due to their migratory reproduction and dispersal processes (Garcez et al, 2017;Lima et al, 2017). Meanwhile, fishers demonstrate knowledge of the fishing environment and adapt to these variations to succeed in their livelihood (Isaac et al, 2015;Garcez et al, 2017).…”

“…The influence of water seasonality on fishery activity in the Amazon basin directly interferes with catches from local fishery stocks. An example of this complexity of interactions in fishery activity is the lower fishery production during months when river levels are highest and fish assemblages are highly dispersed throughout flooded environments (Garcez et al, 2017). The opposite occurs during the receding and drought phase, leading to greater production (Garcez et al, 2017).…”

“…An example of this complexity of interactions in fishery activity is the lower fishery production during months when river levels are highest and fish assemblages are highly dispersed throughout flooded environments (Garcez et al, 2017). The opposite occurs during the receding and drought phase, leading to greater production (Garcez et al, 2017). For the fishing of large catfish in the Madeira River, however, this seasonal phenomenon presents variations: fish production also goes through spikes during the rising and flood periods, when catfish migrate upstream to reproduce (Cella-Ribeiro et al, 2016).…”

Modeling of Fish Seizures After the Implementation of the Closed Fishing Season Law in the Amazon Basin

“…Fishing effort (f): this is the index that is related to fishing mortality (FAO, 1988), as well as the number of fishers multiplied by the days of actual fishing (Petrere Junior, 1978). It was inserted into the model by the graphical function, defined by the variables, Negro River level by the monthly value of (f), and indicated that the two variables are of a direct nature, meaning that their values increase or decrease proportionally with one another (Cardoso and Freitas, 2008;Hurd et al, 2016;Garcez et al, 2017).…”