A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Discrete Fractional Fourier Transformation

Lang, Jun; Sun, Jin-ying; Yang, Wen-Fang

doi:10.1109/csss.2012.178

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This article discusses a watermarking scheme based on multiple parameter discrete fractional Fourier transform with LSB technique The proposed scheme shows 34.74dB improvement in PSNR by the scheme proposed in [21] by Lang,32.17dB by [20] in Sun et.al., and 0.9 dB improvement in PSNR by the scheme given by Navas in [22]. The scheme shows better robustness due to the multiple parameter applicability in the discrete fractional Fourier transform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Robust Watermarking against Geometric Attacks using Multiple Parameter Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform and Least Significant Bit Technique

Sharma¹,

Saxena²,

Singh

2014

IJSIA

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Watermarking is an important technique used for copyright protection, authentication, tamper detection and hiding secret information in multimedia contents. In this article a new digital watermarking scheme is proposed based on multiple parameter discrete fractional Fourier transform and using least significant bit (LSB) technique. The multiple parameter discrete fractional Fourier transform (MPDFRFT) is the generalization of the discrete fractional Fourier transform (DFRFT) in terms of its different nature of its fractional orders. The MPDFRFT can converge to DFRFT when all of its fractional order parameters having a similar value. The multiple parameter discrete fractional transforms shows it's superiority over DFRFT because of that it benefitted us with an extra degree of freedom that is provided by its multiple fractional orders. The LSB technique is more preferable because of its lesser effect on the image characteristics. During the implementation of proposed scheme cover image is subdivided and MPDFRFT is applied to each subdivided image to transformed coefficients and watermark images are embedded by using LSB technique. Similarly during watermark extraction process the reverse order of MPDFRFT is applied for reconstruction of original images along with LSB extraction mechanism. The MPDFRFT fractional order parameters are used as secret key to improve the robustness of the system. The robustness of the watermark image is tested under different attacks such as additive noise, cropping, rotation and Gaussian low-pass filtering is analyzed and the results demonstrate that the embedding scheme has good performance of robustness. The imperceptibility of the proposed scheme against the hostile person is also verified by simulations results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similarly, here another kind of attack against AWGN attack is tested for proposed scheme in comparative manner with schemes provided in [20], [21]…”

Section: Gaussian Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Watermarking against Geometric Attacks using Multiple Parameter Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform and Least Significant Bit Technique

Sharma¹,

Saxena²,

Singh

2014

IJSIA

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“…The classical methods include such methods as the least significant bit method [ 9 ], the mask method [ 17 ], and frequency-domain manipulations (discrete cosine transform [ 18 ], discrete sine transform [ 19 ], discrete wavelet transform [ 10 ], discrete Fourier transform [ 20 ], and hybrid domains [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], among others). Assorted variations of the above-mentioned methods are used to embed watermarks in both static images and videos.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The least significant bit method [ 9 , 32 ], as its name implies, uses the least significant bit of each channel value of a given colour palette, affecting the image slightly, but it is prone to losing the watermark due to all kinds of conversions. The whole image is also influenced by methods that manipulate the frequency domain [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], which are characterized by better survival despite various types of conversions than are those generated via the method of the least significant bit. The modification of the most convenient areas takes place in different methods.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Quality Video Watermarking Based on Deep Neural Networks and Adjustable Subsquares Properties Algorithm

Kaczyński

Piotrowski

2022

Sensors

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This paper presents a method of high-capacity and transparent watermarking based on the usage of deep neural networks with the adjustable subsquares properties algorithm to encode the data of a watermark in high-quality video using the H.265/HEVC (High-Efficiency Video Coding) codec. The aim of the article is to present a method of embedding a watermark in a video with HEVC codec compression by making changes in a video in a way that is not noticeable to the naked eye. The method presented here is characterised by focusing on ensuring the accuracy of the original image in relation to the watermarked image, providing the transparency of the embedded watermark, while ensuring its survival after compression by the HEVC codec. The article includes a presentation of the practical results of watermark embedding with a built-in variation mechanism of its capacity and resistance, thanks to the adjustable subsquares properties algorithm. The obtained PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio) results are at the level of 40 dB or better. There is the possibility of the complete recovery of a watermark from a single frame compressed in the CRF (constant rate factor) range of up to 16, resulting in a BER (bit error rate) equal to 0 for the received watermark.

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“…It applies direct transform to entire image or block wise. DCT is same as Discrete Fourier Transform [17].…”

Section: Discrete Cosine Transformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Techniques of Digital Image Watermarking: A Review

Mehto¹,

Mehra²

2015

IJCA

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In today's digital word it is very common to distribute digital image as a part of multimedia technology by use of the Internet. Security of this digital data over the Internet is very popular field among researchers. Watermarking is a process that embeds data or watermark inside data such that it cannot be easily accessed by authorized person. Watermarking provides copyright protection of digital data. Digital Image Water marking is a subfield of Digital watermarking, and it concerns with protection of digital image from unauthorized reproduction and modification. In digital watermarking, a secondary image is a watermark and this watermark lied into the host image and provides protection. Different Digital Image watermarking methods have been proposed in this field to maintain content authentication, copyright protection, tamper protection and many other application. This paper presents a model for digital image watermarking, properties and applications. Moreover, this paper present a survey on different types of digital Image watermarks. This paper reviews different aspects of digital image watermarking for protecting digital data and provide review of digital image watermarking methods named: Least Significant Bit (LSB), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD).

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A Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Discrete Fractional Fourier Transformation

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Robust Watermarking against Geometric Attacks using Multiple Parameter Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform and Least Significant Bit Technique

Robust Watermarking against Geometric Attacks using Multiple Parameter Discrete Fractional Fourier Transform and Least Significant Bit Technique

High-Quality Video Watermarking Based on Deep Neural Networks and Adjustable Subsquares Properties Algorithm

Techniques of Digital Image Watermarking: A Review

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