A digital lifestyle programme to support outpatient treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Brief Digital Solutions in Behavior Change Interventions for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review

“…An overview of study characteristics is included in a table in the outcomes section along with patient characteristics, intervention characteristics, outcome characteristics, and study findings. Of the ten included studies, four were conducted in the USA [ 19 – 22 ] and one each was from South Korea [ 23 ], Belgium [ 24 ], Mexico [ 25 ], Iceland [ 26 ], Indonesia [ 27 ], and Sri Lanka [ 28 ]. All studies were presented as journal articles except for two [ 21 , 25 ], which were published as conference abstracts.…”

“…One study did not report the follow-up period [ 21 ]. Sample sizes ranged from 37 [ 26 ] to 2062 [ 29 ] with a median of 94 patients.…”

“…Three studies reported information about patient comorbidities. The first study that reported comorbidities [ 26 ] noted that the average patient had almost five other diagnosed diseases with many patients diagnosed with obesity, high blood pressure, elevated blood lipids, and fibromyalgia. The second study [ 22 ] reported a variety of comorbidities from hypertension (78%) to cancer (8%).…”

“…Most of the interventions ( n = 5) specifically targeted improvement in glycemic control [ 19 , 20 , 22 , 26 , 28 ]. Three interventions reported combined aims, i.e., diabetes self-efficacy and glycemic control [ 27 ] ( n = 1) and diabetes self-management and glycemic control [ 23 , 25 ] ( n = 2).…”

“…The most common mode of administration was a smartphone app ( n = 4) [ 23 , 26 – 28 ], and two interventions were a combination of an app and a website [ 24 ] or an app and/or an email [ 20 ]. Three studies used a short messaging system (SMS) alone [ 19 ], in combination with an in-person program [ 25 ], or as an option in an SMS/phone system [ 22 ].…”