Eur years ago the last general review of computer applications in archaeology was published in this journal (Chenhall, 1968). At that time, it was adequate for the author to outline three studies and mention a fourth to give a representative picture of current work in this field. Since then the situation has changed dramatically. The number and variety of computer applications in archaeology today are so great that it is virtually impossible to select any small number of individual projects as representative. Instead, entire areas of research must be covered in a general discussion, and a simple listing of current projects would probably be longer than this entire article.Archaeology is now fully in a period of experimenting with the computer and gradually adopting it as one of its major tools for research. Characteristic of this period is a healthy concern with the data and the manipulative, analytical, and statistical methods which the computer makes it possible to apply in archaeological research. Healthy, because most archaeologists have grasped the point, recently made by Chenhall (1971a:4-5), that the computer is simply a fast and powerful machine. Although it permits many previously impossible things, it cannot perform miracles on its own. A full and conscious awareness of precisely what is being done in the computer in any analysis is therefore absolutely essential for archaeologically sensible and meaningful use.The growing concern in archaeology with the new methods made possible by computers is reflected in the increasing size, frequency, and importance of sessions on analytical and statistical methods at professional meetings. Indeed, in each of the three years that have passed since Chenhall's review article in this journal, a special meeting has been held, devoted only to such problems: