A differentiated services approach: response time performance analysis of QoS application to real-time interactive multimedia over the internet

Performance study of MPLS and DS techniques to improve QoS routing for critical applications on IP networks

“…In Figure 2, the ingress label switch receives an unlabeled packet with a destination address of 192. 2 [3].…”

“…Based on the DSCP value, a router allocates resources (buffer, bandwidth) to a behavior aggregate (BA). BA is a pool of packets crossing a link in a specific direction with the same DSCP value [2]. A per-hop-behavior (PHB) describes the external measurable forwarding treatment (i.e.…”

“…A code point may have more than one PHB (different profiles with the same DSCP). If a code point is not mapped to a certain PHB, it will be assigned to the default PHB (Best-effort) [2]. The services are realized using packet classification and traffic conditioning combined with forwarding treatments (PHBs) along the transit path of the traffic.…”

“…Labels specify the service, classification, and forwarding. Traffic engineering provides for a way to arrange traffic through the network [1,2]. QoS must assure that interactive multimedia traffic has priority and delay is kept to a minimum.…”

“…The scalable DS technique gives the ability to distinguish among the needs of different interactive multimedia applications. Different applications have different QoS needs depending on the composition of the multimedia; provisioning resources for some applications may be easier than others, some applications have known and predictable behavior, like packet size, traffic volume, and traffic behavior, where others have many variables that makes it extremely difficult to configure traffic conditioning thresholds, maximum queue size, and bandwidth limits for high priority queues [2].…”