A differential mobility analyzer and a Faraday cup electrometer for operation at 200–930 Pa pressure

Seol, Kwang Soo; Tsutatani, Yasuyuki; Camata, Renato P.; Yabumoto, Junsuke; Isomura, Shohei; Okada, Yohji; Okuyama, Kikuo; Takeuchi, Kazuo

doi:10.1016/s0021-8502(00)00037-9

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For the experiments with the TMV tobacco mosaic virus, a parallel DMA (PDMA) [27] system (Figure 1a) was used and the setup consisting of two identical in-house built nano DMAs, one connected with an in-house built classic Faraday cup (FC) detector [28] (Figure 1b) and the other with a self-assembled electrostatic particle (EP) sampler (Figure 1c). Both nano DMAs, one, the scanning (scan voltage from 10 V to 10 kV) nano DMA, for obtaining a complete size spectrum, and the other, the sample nano DMA on a specific central voltage, for selecting a particular size range (in this case 40 nm), which is of interest and leads subsequently to the sampling/collecting of a specific particle size fraction.…”

Section: Gemma and Pdmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano ES GEMMA and PDMA, new tools for the analysis of nanobioparticles—Protein complexes, lipoparticles, and viruses

Allmaier

Laschober

Szymanski

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Differential mobility analysis (DMA) is a technique suited for size analysis as well as preparative collection of airborne nanosized airborne particles. In the recent decade, the analysis of intact viruses, proteins, DNA fragments, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles was possible when combining this method with a nano-electrospray charge-reduction source for producing aerosols from a sample solution/suspensions. Mass analysis of high molecular weight noncovalent complexes is also possible with this methodology due to the linear correlation of the electrophoretic mobility diameter and the molecular mass. In this work, we present the analysis (size and molecular mass) of high molecular weight multimers (noncovalent functional homocomplex) of Jack bean urease in a mass range from 275 kDa up to 2.5 MDa, with mainly present tri-and hexamers but also higher oligomers of the 91 kDa monomer subunit. In a second experiment, the size analysis of intact very-low-density (ϳ35 nm), low-density (ϳ22 nm) and high-density lipoparticles (ϳ10 nm), which are heterocomplexes consisting of cholesterol, lipids, and proteins in different ratios, is presented. Results from mobility analysis were in excellent agreement with particle diameters found in literature. The last presented experiment demonstrates size analysis of a rod-like virus and selective sampling of a selected size fraction of electrosprayed, singly-charged tobacco mosaic virus particles. Sampling and subsequent transmission electron microscopic investigations of a specific size fraction (40 nm electrophoretic mobility diameter) revealed the folding of virus particles during the electrospray and charge reduction (electrical stress) as well as solvent evaporation (mechanical stress) process, leading to an observed geometry of 150 (length) ϫ 35 (width) nm (average cylindrical geometry of unsprayed intact virus 300 ϫ 18 nm). and viruses. Analysis of the formation process, stoichiometry, and molecular weight of those complexes can be very challenging as noncovalent interactions can easily be destroyed or biased when leaving specific native conditions [5], and as their molecular mass can easily exceed the working range of modern mass spectrometry. For these reasons, a demand for new analytical techniques, which preserve noncovalent interactions, deliver molecular mass and/or size related information (in contrast to capillary electrophoresis and native gel electrophoresis) and which have a working range that exceed conventional mass spectrometry, exists.Differential mobility analysis (DMA) is a technique developed to classify charged aerosolized particles under ambient pressure according to their electrophoretic mobility diameter [6]. In the recent decade, its working range was extended from m down to the nm size range [7], or in terms of molecular mass, into the kDa to GDa molecular mass range, thus closing the gap between classic aerosol particle technology (low m into mm range) and mass spectrometry (sub-nm to 10 nm). The size range of 10 to 200 nm is therefore of great in...

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Section: Gemma and Pdmamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano ES GEMMA and PDMA, new tools for the analysis of nanobioparticles—Protein complexes, lipoparticles, and viruses

Allmaier

Laschober

Szymanski

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…The central electrical mobility and corresponding applied voltage were obtained from the particle size by Equations (1) and (2). After calculating the particle trajectory using the Langevin equation and counting the number of particles that penetrated to the outlet, the transfer functions of the 2nd DMA in the tandem DMA system were obtained, and these were compared with previous experimental results (Seto et al 1997;Seol et al 2000) and Stolzenburg's transfer function. With the described particle distribution at aerosol inlet, the transfer function of the 1st DMA can be obtained using the particle trajectory simulated with the BDS.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seto et al (1997) attempted to develop a low-pressure DMA (LPDMA) for the measurement of nanoparticles in the lowpressure range, 65-760 Torr. Seol et al (2000) improved the performance of LPDMA and extended the pressure range to 200 Pa. They used large radii and short lengths of connecting tubes and designed mass flow meters for use at low pressures to reduce the pressure drop between the DMA and vacuum pumps, which is crucial for low-pressure operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Evaluation of the Transfer Function of a Low Pressure DMA by Using the Langevin Dynamic Equation

Song

Chang

Kim

et al. 2005

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…Several techniques are used to carry out these analyses as summarized in the work of Hafiz et al [16] namely laser light scattering [17], sampling from the exhaust of turbomolecular pumps [18,19], mobility analysis at low pressure [20] and particle beam mass spectrometry [21]. These techniques all have limitations and drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New In-situ Sampling and Analysis of the Production of CeO2 Powders from Liquid Precursors using a Novel Wet Collection System in a rf Inductively Coupled Thermal Plasma Reactor. Part 1: Reactor System and Sampling Probe

Castillo

Munz

2007

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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A new reactor and a novel in-situ sampling technique were developed for the study of the synthesis of CeO 2 powders produced from dissolved cerium nitrate salts. The conical reactor minimized particle recirculation and provided a highly symmetrical and undisturbed plasma flow suitable for the analysis of the phenomena affecting the formation of CeO 2 powders. Both a calorimetric study of the reactor and a thermodynamic analysis of CeO 2 formation were conducted. The sampling probe is described and near-isokinetic sampling was achieved. The sampled particles were collected using a miniature wet collection system, i.e. a mist atomizer and a custom-made spray chamber. A numerical simulation of the velocity and temperature fields of the plasma gas in the reactor was done using Fluent. A comprehensive droplet-to-particle formation mechanism presented elsewhere is revisited and expanded based on calorimetry, thermodynamics of CeO 2 formation, numerical simulations and collected particles. No traces of other oxidation states other than CeO 2 were found.

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A differential mobility analyzer and a Faraday cup electrometer for operation at 200–930 Pa pressure

Cited by 42 publications

References 7 publications

Nano ES GEMMA and PDMA, new tools for the analysis of nanobioparticles—Protein complexes, lipoparticles, and viruses

Nano ES GEMMA and PDMA, new tools for the analysis of nanobioparticles—Protein complexes, lipoparticles, and viruses

Numerical Evaluation of the Transfer Function of a Low Pressure DMA by Using the Langevin Dynamic Equation

New In-situ Sampling and Analysis of the Production of CeO2 Powders from Liquid Precursors using a Novel Wet Collection System in a rf Inductively Coupled Thermal Plasma Reactor. Part 1: Reactor System and Sampling Probe

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