A differential expression of pyrethroid resistance genes in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across Uganda is associated with patterns of gene flow

Sandeu, Maurice Marcel; Mulamba, Charles; Weedall, Gareth D.; Wondji, Charles S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0240743

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The transcription patterns of CYP9K1 , CYP6P5 , CYP6P9a , CYP6P9b , and GSTe2 ) major pyrethroid resistance genes [ 34 ] were assessed by a quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in deltamethrin 1× alive, 5× alive, 10× alive and unexposed mosquitoes relatively to the susceptible strain FANG. Total RNA was extracted from 3 batches of 10 mosquitoes for each group and similarly from the susceptible laboratory strain FANG, as previously described [ 12 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

et al. 2021

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Monitoring cases of insecticide resistance aggravation and the effect on the efficacy of control tools is crucial for successful malaria control. In this study, the resistance intensity of major malaria vectors from Uganda was characterised and its impact on the performance of various insecticide-treated nets elucidated. High intensity of resistance to the discriminating concentration (DC), 5× DC, and 10× DC of pyrethroids was observed in both Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae in Mayuge and Busia leading to significant reduced performance of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) including the piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-based nets (Olyset Plus). Molecular analysis revealed significant over-expression of cytochrome P450 genes (CYP9K1 and CYP6P9a/b). However, the expression of these genes was not associated with resistance escalation as no difference was observed in the level of expression in mosquitoes resistant to 5× DC and 10× DC compared to 1× DC suggesting that other resistance mechanisms are involved. Such high intensity of pyrethroid resistance in Uganda could have terrible consequences on the effectiveness of insecticide-based interventions and urgent action should be taken to prevent the spread of super-resistance in malaria vectors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

et al. 2021

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“…The GSTs confer resistance to DDT in mosquitoes, i.e., Anopheles, and GSTe2 GSTe3, GSTe4 have been reported to be involved in pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus in Uganda and Kenya [46]. Several P450s and GST genes were reported to be overexpressed in a deltamethrin-resistant An.…”

Section: Metabolic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTe2) L119F-GSTe2 mutation An. funestus [46,50] Cytochrome Various target-site mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene were recorded in response to pyrethroids in different species of mosquitoes, viz., Anopheles gambiae complex, An. funestus and An.…”

Section: Metabolic Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Insecticide Resistance in Vectors of Medically Important Parasitic Infections

Kaura¹,

Sharma²,

Mewara³

2022

Insecticides - Impact and Benefits of Its Use for Humanity

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Insecticide resistance is a major threat to vector control programmes as insecticides still remain the most effective method to control the vector-borne diseases. For effective management of insecticide resistance, a knowledge of the insecticides used along with their mode of action is a prerequisite to optimize their use. Nowadays, different detection methods, viz., phenotypic, genotypic and proteomic assays are used for assessment of insecticide resistance in vectors. An understanding of the phenotypic and genotypic variations present in the vectors help in implementation of these techniques to evaluate the usefulness of insecticides in an area and to determine the efficacy of an ongoing vector control programmes. The understanding of different factors involved in emergence of insecticide resistance and the alternative solutions to control this problem by the use of rotational, mixture of insecticides and use of piperonyl butoxide to increase the efficacy of indoor residual spray and insecticide treated bed nets are some of the steps taken to tackle the problem of insecticide resistance in vectors.

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“…quinquefasciatus [13,[15][16][17][18], Anopheles gambiae and An. funestus [19][20][21][22][23], and Ae. aegypti [12,14,[24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Resistance in Permethrin-Resistant Florida Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Schluep¹,

Buckner²

2021

Insects

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Aedes aegypti is the principal mosquito vector for many arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) including dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. In the United States, excessive permethrin use has led to a high frequency of resistance in mosquitoes. Insecticide resistance is a significant obstacle in the struggle against vector-borne diseases. To help overcome metabolic resistance, synergists that inhibit specific metabolic enzymes can be added to formulated pyrethroid products. Using modified CDC bottle bioassays, we assessed the effect of three inhibitors (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), which inhibits oxidase activity; S.S.S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF), which inhibits esterase activity; and diethyl maleate (DM), which inhibits glutathione transferase activity) + permethrin. We performed these against 20 Florida Ae. aegypti populations, all of which were resistant to permethrin. Our data indicated that 11 out of 20 populations (55%) exhibited metabolic resistance. Results revealed 73% of these populations had significant increases in mortality attributed to DEF + permethrin, 64% to PBO + permethrin, and 55% to DM + permethrin compared to permethrin alone. Currently, PBO is the only metabolic enzyme inhibitor added to formulated pyrethroid products used for adult mosquito control. Our results suggest that the DEF and DM inhibitors could also be useful additives in permethrin products, especially against metabolically resistant Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. Moreover, metabolic assays should be conducted to better inform mosquito control programs for designing and implementing integrated vector management strategies.

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A differential expression of pyrethroid resistance genes in the malaria vector Anopheles funestus across Uganda is associated with patterns of gene flow

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

Pyrethroid Resistance Aggravation in Ugandan Malaria Vectors Is Reducing Bednet Efficacy

Insecticide Resistance in Vectors of Medically Important Parasitic Infections

Metabolic Resistance in Permethrin-Resistant Florida Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

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