A Diet High in Resistant Starch Modulates Microbiota Composition, SCFA Concentrations, and Gene Expression in Pig Intestine

Abstract

Resistant starch (RS) is highly fermentable by microbiota in the colon, resulting in the production of SCFAs. RS is thought to mediate a large proportion of its health benefits, including increased satiety, through the actions of SCFAs. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a diet high in RS on luminal microbiota composition, luminal SCFA concentrations, and the expression of host genes involved in SCFA uptake, SCFA signaling, and satiety regulation in mucosal tissue obtained from small intestine, cecum, and colon. Twenty adult female pigs were either assigned to a digestible starch (DS) diet or a diet high in RS (34%) for a period of 2 wk. After the intervention, luminal content and mucosal scrapings were obtained for detailed molecular analysis. RS was completely degraded in the cecum. In both the cecum and colon, differences in microbiota composition were observed between DS- and RS-fed pigs. In the colon these included the stimulation of the healthy gut-associated butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, whereas potentially pathogenic members of the Gammaproteobacteria, including Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp., were reduced in relative abundance. Cecal and colonic SCFA concentrations were significantly greater in RS-fed pigs, and cecal gene expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) and glucagon (GCG) was induced by RS. In conclusion, our data show that RS modulates microbiota composition, SCFA concentrations, and host gene expression in pig intestine. Combined, our data provide an enhanced understanding of the interaction between diet, microbiota, and host.

Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins

“…Moreover, R. bromii was suggested to be a keystone species in resistant starch degradation, particularly type 3, which is required for the other bacteria to utilize the products from resistant starch [57]. Concordantly to the other studies [16,55,56], the Ruminococcus genus (including R. bromii ) increased in relative abundance in growing pigs that were fed with a type 3 resistant starch-containing diet [30]. An alteration in gut microbiome and a predominance of beneficial bacterial populations were observed in these pigs compared to control pigs.…”

“…bromii , E. rectale and Roseburia spp. populations in the gut of different animal models and humans [16,55,56]. Moreover, R. bromii was suggested to be a keystone species in resistant starch degradation, particularly type 3, which is required for the other bacteria to utilize the products from resistant starch [57].…”

Adaptation of faecal microbiota in sows after diet changes and consequences for in vitro fermentation capacity

“…The analysis of faecal microbiota was carried out using a phylogenetic microarray comprehensively targeting pig GI tract microbiota, the so-called Pig Intestinal Tract Chip (PITChip), developed by Pérez Gutiérrez (2010) and successfully applied by Haenen et al (2013). The updated version of the PITChip (V2.0) used in this study contained over 3300 oligonucleotides targeting 782 bacterial phylotypes reported to occur in the porcine gastrointestinal tract.…”

“…Faecal microbiota composition was assessed using the Pig Intestinal Tract Chip (PITChip; Pérez Gutiérrez, 2010;Haenen et al 2013), and activity was evaluated using in vitro gas production kinetics and fermentation end-product profiles.…”

Applications of Nutrigenomics in Animal Sectors: A Review

“…In general, pigs are unable to produce endogenous enzyme for Resistant Search (RS) and thus seek helps from intestinal microbiota which convert it to short chain fatty acid. Haenen et al (2013) stated that diet with high RS modulate the microbial composition in colon and caecal which stimulate the expression of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (SLC16A1) and glucagon (GCG). Feeding strategy is one of the most important factor that control the quality of meat, safety and nutritional value.…”