A diet containing a nonfat dry milk matrix significantly alters systemic oxylipins and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in diet-induced obese mice

Abstract

BackgroundDiets rich in dairy and/or calcium (Ca) have been associated with reductions in adiposity and inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying this remain to be fully elucidated. Oxylipins and endocannabinoids are bioactive lipids, which influence energy homeostasis, adipose function, insulin signaling, and inflammation. Our objective was to determine if these metabolites associate with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes stemming from dietary Ca and dairy in diet induced obese mice.MethodsIn one study, C57BL6/J mice were fed high fat diets (45% energy) with varying dietary matrices for 12 weeks: soy protein and Ca adequate (0.5%; CONTROL), soy protein and high Ca (1.5%; HighCa), or nonfat-dry-milk based high Ca (NFDM). In a second study, mice were pre-fattened for 12 weeks on the CONTROL high fat diet, and then fed one of three high fat diets for an additional 8 weeks: CONTROL, HighCa, or NFDM. In both studies, adiposity and associated metabolic and inflammatory outcomes were measured and a targeted lipidomics analysis was performed on plasma collected during the post-absorptive condition.ResultsAs reported previously, mice fed NFDM had less body fat and reduced mRNA markers of adipose inflammation (p < 0.05) than CONTROL mice despite greater cumulative energy intake. Moreover, NFDM fed mice lipid mediator profiles were distinct from CONTROL and HighCa mice. NFDM fed mice showed elevated plasma monoacylglycerols (6 – 46% increase from CONTROL), including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and reduced fatty acid diols (8-75% decrease from CONTROL).ConclusionsDifferences in specific plasma lipid mediator profiles reflect the metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes seen in NFDM feeding.

Sweat lipid mediator profiling: a noninvasive approach for cutaneous research

“…Statistical analysis generally followed previously published protocols (19). All lipid mediator data were assessed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) using disease state and/or subject gender, hand sampled, time of collection, or storage time as the classifier.…”

Effects of stimulation technique, anatomical region, and time on human sweat lipid mediator profiles

“…Statistical analysis generally followed a previously published protocol [19]. Prior to statistical analyses, data were curated such that analytes with >30% missing values across the data set were excluded.…”

Cannabimimetic phytochemicals in the diet – an evolutionary link to food selection and metabolic stress adaptation?

“…The amount of 2‐AG in human milk is in the range of 7–20 nM, that is, close to receptor‐active concentrations and about 100 times higher than AEA (Di Marzo et al ., ). Distinct dairy fat compositions have been shown to modulate the levels of ECs in plasma in a yet poorly understood manner (Pintus et al ., ; Dunn et al ., ). It remains unclear whether fat intake in humans is directly linked to ECS‐mediated pathophysiological effects (i.e.…”