A dictionary of epidemiology

Porta, Miquel

doi:10.1590/s1135-57272008000400008

Cited by 720 publications

(466 citation statements)

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“…Entre as limitações do estudo, destaca-se que embora a insegurança alimentar seja estudada desde 1989 e exista uma guia para mensuração da insegurança alimentar 19 , cada país tem realizado adaptações no instrumento ou construído novos questionários 3,11,20,27,28 , dificultando a comparação dos níveis de insegurança. Não obstante, essa limitação não inviabiliza a comparação da presença ou não de segurança alimentar.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Insegurança alimentar no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil: magnitude, fatores associados e padrões de renda per capita para redução das iniquidades

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Insegurança alimentar no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil: magnitude, fatores associados e padrões de renda per capita para redução das iniquidades

et al. 2014

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“…A direct molecular measure of genetic risk was used to show that the association between childhood adversity and psychosis is unlikely to be explained by geneenvironment correlation. We defined this as a pilot study as these exploratory analyses were conducted as a "small-scale test of the methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale" [36]. The fundamental purpose of conducting this pilot study was, in fact, to examine the feasibility of a using a polygenic GxE interaction approach in psychosis in order to conduct analyses in a future larger-scale study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

133. Interplay Between Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Score and Childhood Adversity in First-Presentation Psychotic Disorder: A Pilot Study

Trotta

Iyegbe

Forti

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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A history of childhood adversity is associated with psychotic disorder, with an increase in risk according to number or severity of exposures. However, it is not known why only some exposed individuals go on to develop psychosis. One possibility is pre-existing genetic vulnerability. Research on gene-environment interaction in psychosis has primarily focused on candidate genes, although the genetic effects are now known to be polygenic. This pilot study investigated whether the effect of childhood adversity on psychosis is moderated by the polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PRS). Data were utilised from the Genes and Psychosis (GAP) study set in South London, UK. The GAP sample comprises 285 first-presentation psychosis cases and 256 unaffected controls with information on childhood adversity. We studied only white subjects (80 cases and 110 controls) with PRS data, as the PRS has limited predictive ability in patients of African ancestry. The occurrence of childhood adversity was assessed with the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) and the PRS was based on genome-wide meta-analysis results for schizophrenia from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Higher schizophrenia PRS and childhood adversities each predicted psychosis status. Nevertheless, no evidence was found for interaction as departure from additivity, indicating that the effect of polygenic risk scores on psychosis was not increased in the presence of a history of childhood adversity. These findings are compatible with a multifactorial threshold model in which both genetic liability and exposure to environmental risk contribute independently to the etiology of psychosis.

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“…Hand Hygiene, Hand Washing, and Foodborne Disease Personal hygiene practices have been identified as an important contributing factor to foodborne outbreaks (Porta, Greenland, Hernan, Silva, & Last, 2014;Todd, Greig, Bartleson, & Michaels, 2008). Many studies have examined the link between foodborne illness and poor hand hygiene (Bryan, 1988;Olsen, MacKinnon, Goulding, Bean, & Slusker, 2000).…”

Section: Chapter 2 -Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting and explaining behavioral intention and hand sanitizer use among US Army soldiers

Lin

Roberts

2017

American Journal of Infection Control

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Many pathogenic microorganisms are spread by contaminated hands and may lead to foodborne illness. The use of hand sanitizers can significantly reduce bacterial contamination and is an efficient and inexpensive method to prevent infections and sickness. Previous researchers have found that the routine use of hand sanitizers allowed the U.S. Army to significantly reduce illness. However, few studies have been conducted within a U.S. Army dining facility, which is considered to be one of the primary sources of foodborne illness within the U.S. Army. Therefore, using the Theory of Planned Behavior, the purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of control of using hand sanitizer among military personnel.The study targeted soldiers using a written survey during their lunch hour on the U.S.Army base at Fort Riley, KS. A total of 201 surveys were collected. All data were screened and entered into IBM SPSS for analysis.Results indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 64% of the variance in behavioral intention. Attitude and subjective norms were found to be significant predictors of behavioral intention, with attitude being the strongest predictor.In general, behavioral beliefs were positive among soldiers. Related to normative beliefs, soldiers did perceive negative social pressure from other soldiers not to use hand sanitizers.Analysis of control beliefs found soldiers perceived hand sanitizers were readily available, but disliked their smell and feel after application.Food production managers and Army commanders can use these results to implement hand sanitation behavioral interventions within military dining environments. Practical implications will likely translate to reduced healthcare costs, decreased absenteeism rates, and improved mission readiness.Some of the limitations include commonly perceived social psychology bias. Further, clustered samples were collected within one military installation in a relatively short amount of time.

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A dictionary of epidemiology

Cited by 720 publications

References 0 publications

Insegurança alimentar no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil: magnitude, fatores associados e padrões de renda per capita para redução das iniquidades

Insegurança alimentar no Nordeste e Sul do Brasil: magnitude, fatores associados e padrões de renda per capita para redução das iniquidades

133. Interplay Between Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Score and Childhood Adversity in First-Presentation Psychotic Disorder: A Pilot Study

Predicting and explaining behavioral intention and hand sanitizer use among US Army soldiers

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