A Dictionary of Diplomacy

Berridge, G. R.; James, Alan

doi:10.1057/9780230501348

Cited by 59 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In Short, negotiation is communication in any way designed to achieve the objectives pointed out in this entry. 89 Second, conciliation, it is the attempt to resolve a dispute by having it examined in depth by an independent commission of inquiry or conciliation commission, this then offers its recommendation for a settlement, which, in contrast to a decision arrived at by arbitration, is non-binding. 90 This is necessary, because there is not any historical phase absent from the clash and war.…”

Section: Diplomacy As Tool Of Da'wahmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…89 Second, conciliation, it is the attempt to resolve a dispute by having it examined in depth by an independent commission of inquiry or conciliation commission, this then offers its recommendation for a settlement, which, in contrast to a decision arrived at by arbitration, is non-binding. 90 This is necessary, because there is not any historical phase absent from the clash and war. So, in case clash and war between two parties, the third party has duty and obligations to reconciliate them.…”

Section: Diplomacy As Tool Of Da'wahmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The search is 'active' in the sense that the work of the intermediary may go so far as to involve drawing up the agenda, calling and chairing negotiating sessions, proposing solutions, and employing threats and promises towards the rivals. 92 The source of the conflict could lies in the scarcity of resources, thus grabbing control of natural resources in particular as well as the exaggerated egocentrism of each country or certain social unitythat is the aspiration to continuously improve the strength and the position in relation to other countries or other social unity. 93 Fourth, arbitration, in Dictionary of Diplomacy, arbitration is the settlement of a dispute through reference to an arbitral tribunal established ad hoc, the members of which may possibly be selected from the (misleadingly called) Permanent Court of Arbitration.…”

Section: Diplomacy As Tool Of Da'wahmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethical Aspect of Diplomacy of Prophet Muhammad (Basic Principle)

Fajari

Muslih

Yahya

2021

Journal of Politic and Islamic Law

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Ethics is a branch of philosophy that discusses good and bad. This study still relevant to be examined and discussed until now, because by studying ethics, someone is able to find and obtain all the good things as well as to avoid the bad. However, ethics is often separated from the practice of life, one of them is modern diplomacy. Diplomacy is all the efforts made to regulate the relationship among nations. Thus, ethics of diplomacy in this sense can be meant as a basic principle or practice of diplomacy which is accountable, tolerant, and fair. Since this study is attempted to reveal how the ethics of diplomacy of Prophet Muhammad, then this study uses ethical perspective of Islam. In this approach, researcher used: first, the descriptive analysis methods to further explore the basic principle regarding diplomacy of Prophet Muhammad. Second, the critical analysis method to discover the implications and problems of the principles and practice of diplomacy in the modern era. Regarding this method, it was discovered that in fact the basic principle and practice of diplomacy of Prophet Muhammad are based on tawhīd.

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Section: Diplomacy As Tool Of Da'wahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diplomacy As Tool Of Da'wahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diplomacy As Tool Of Da'wahmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethical Aspect of Diplomacy of Prophet Muhammad (Basic Principle)

Fajari

Muslih

Yahya

2021

Journal of Politic and Islamic Law

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“…The number is risky because it may reflect overconfidence, unless ranges or thresholds are given. There are situations, however, where the vagueness of a phrase may be useful; this is what Kissinger called 'constructive ambiguity' (see Berridge and James 2004). 'Constructive ambiguity avoids premature closure of options' (J€ onsson and Aggestam 2007).…”

Section: Mixing Codesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Spatial and Transport Infrastructure Development

Drewello¹,

Scholl²

2016

Contributions to Economics

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“…Taking into account that such activity, in particular, during "Cold War" had a completely propagandistic character (using of radio services of Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, and Radio Liberty for propagandistic influence on the Soviet Union and the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe), the politicians and researchers acquired a guarded attitude to the phenomenon of public diplomacy and corresponding practices. Quite an indicative example can be found in a Dictionary of Diplomacy, in the first (Berridge, James, 2001) and the second (Berridge, James, 2003) editions, where the public diplomacy was defined as a late-twentieth-century term for propaganda conducted by diplomats, and only in the third edition (Berridge, Lloyd, 2012) there was an interpretation of this concept as the exploitation by professional diplomats and foreign ministries of the rich opportunities of modern communications technology to engage in a dialogue with foreign publics, albeit with a view to persuading them more effectively to their point of view.…”

Section: • Abstract •mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ukrainian Practice of Virtual Diplomacy

Tereshchuk

2016

HiP

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The diplomacy today in the conditions of the globalized world endures maybe the most revolutionary transformation. Global communication media, on the one hand, made foreign policy activity of the state more transparent, and from the other -provided a technological capability of a direct interaction with foreign audiences. Besides, all the more attention of the society is paid to the state activity on the international scene. The system of taking political decisions, having passed away from the model of complete concentration in the hands of top men and hiding from the others, through "The Public Has to Know Everything" model within which the government of the country had to report somehow on its activity, to the model according to which the social opinion is formed in advance, before certain steps to be taken. The globalization of communications pushed forward a critical requirement of working not only with "one's own", internal public, but also with the international audience. Today the favourable attitude of the foreign community is one of key factors which have direct impact on success of foreign policy events of the state. As it was noticed in 1983 by the ambassador of the USA in Germany of that time, the native of Ukraine Arthur Frank Burns, "The achievement… of true understanding between any two governments depends fundamentally on the kind of relationship that exists between the peoples, rather than on the foreign ministers and ambassadors" (The Human Side of German-American..., 2003).The British researcher of the contemporary international relations problems Rhiannon Vickers (2004) defined six technological, economic, political, and social changes and challenges the diplomacy faced in the 21 st century. First, economic, financial, and information globalisation have produced increasingly porous state boundaries. Second is the "information revolution", the development and rapid expansion of information and communication technologies such as computer processing, digitilisation, the Internet, direct broadcast satellites, and cable systems, resulting in a sharp reduction in the costs and a massive increase in the capabilities of international communications, and an increased ability to share and to access information. Third is the use of these technologies by the media, the proliferation of media outlets and demand for instant news with a 24-hour news cycle, and the internationalisation of the mass media. Fourth is the increasing ability of citizens and non-governmental organisations (NGOs), from transnational pressure groups to transnational terrorist organisations, to access and use these information and communications technologies, and the increased ability to share information with like-minded citizens and groups. Fifth is the development of increasingly critical citizens in democratic states, who are more politically assertive a) as individuals, and b) through NGOs and transnational advocacy or issue networks, resulting in an increased need to gain popular support for policy. Sixth, the development of

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A Dictionary of Diplomacy

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Ethical Aspect of Diplomacy of Prophet Muhammad (Basic Principle)

Ethical Aspect of Diplomacy of Prophet Muhammad (Basic Principle)

Integrated Spatial and Transport Infrastructure Development

Ukrainian Practice of Virtual Diplomacy

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