A diamond detector in the dosimetry of high-energy electron and photon beams

Laub, Wolfram; Kaulich, Theodor W.; Nüsslin, Fridtjof

doi:10.1088/0031-9155/44/9/306

Cited by 76 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Such a priming-less behavior is completely different from what was reported for commercial natural or prototype synthetic diamonds under ionizing radiation [15,17,28,29]. The observed behavior indicates a low defect content in the sample, which can be ascribed both to the extremely thin active volume and to the high quality diamond of the fabricated SCDD.…”

Section: Pre-irradiation Procedure Dose and Dose Rate Dependencecontrasting

confidence: 63%

Dosimetric characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector in a clinical 62 MeV ocular therapy proton beam

Marinelli¹,

Pompili²,

Prestopino³

et al. 2014

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tA synthetic single crystal diamond based Schottky photodiode was tested at INFN-LNS on the proton beam line (62 MeV) dedicated to the radiation treatment of ocular disease. The diamond detector response was studied in terms of pre-irradiation dose, linearity with dose and dose rate, and angular dependence. Depth dose curves were measured for the 62 MeV pristine proton beam and for three unmodulated range-shifted proton beams; furthermore, the spread-out Bragg peak was measured for a modulated therapeutic proton beam. Beam parameters, recommended by the ICRU report 78, were evaluated to analyze depth-dose curves from diamond detector. Measured dose distributions were compared with the corresponding dose distributions acquired with reference plane-parallel ionization chambers. Field size dependence of the output factor (dose per monitor unit) in a therapeutic modulated proton beam was measured with the diamond detector over the range of ocular proton therapy collimator diameters (5-30 mm). Output factors measured with the diamond detector were compared to the ones by a Markus ionization chamber, a Scanditronix Hi-p Si stereotactic diode and a radiochromic EBT2 film. Signal stability within 0.5% was demonstrated for the diamond detector with no need of any pre-irradiation dose. Dose and dose rate dependence of the diamond response was measured: deviations from linearity resulted to be within 70.5% over the investigated ranges of 0.5-40.0 Gy and 0.3-30.0 Gy/min respectively. Output factors from diamond detector measured with the smallest collimator (5 mm in diameter) showed a maximum deviation of about 3% with respect to the high resolution radiochromic EBT2 film. Depth-dose curves measured by diamond for unmodulated and modulated beams were in good agreement with those from the reference plane-parallel Markus chamber, with relative differences lower than 7 1% in peak-to-plateau ratios, well within experimental uncertainties. A 2.5% variation in diamond detector response was observed in angular dependence measurements carried-out by varying the proton beam incidence angle in the polar direction. The dosimetric characterization of the tested synthetic single crystal diamond detector clearly indicates its suitability for relative dosimetry in ocular therapy proton beams, with no need of any correction factors accounting for dose rate and linear energy transfer dependence.

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Section: Pre-irradiation Procedure Dose and Dose Rate Dependencecontrasting

confidence: 63%

Dosimetric characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector in a clinical 62 MeV ocular therapy proton beam

Marinelli¹,

Pompili²,

Prestopino³

et al. 2014

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Exponent values reported in the literature lie in the range 0.92-1 for PTW diamond detectors [24][25][26][27][28][29], 0.86-1.035 for CVD diamond [24,25,[30][31][32], and 0.49-0.97 for HPHT diamond [13,14]. The values observed for the devices fabricated on Diamond Materials and Element Six diamond films are close to one and hence compare well to the literature.…”

Section: Primed Responsesupporting

confidence: 82%

Investigation of the suitability of commercially available CVD diamond for megavoltage X-ray dosimetry

Lansley

Betzel

Baluti

et al. 2009

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Sandwich-type x-ray detectors were fabricated on commercially-available chemical vapour deposition diamond sourced from three manufacturers: Diamond Materials GmbH, Diamonex, and Element Six. These devices were investigated using Raman spectroscopy and 6 megavolt photons from a clinical linear accelerator. Parameters such as the level of the dark (leakage) and photo-currents, necessary priming dose, linearity of photocurrent with dose rate, and device sensitivity were considered. Device characteristics vary considerably. Devices fabricated using Diamonex material required high priming doses, and displayed high dark currents, low photocurrents (and hence low x-ray sensitivity), and non-linear dose-rate responses. In contrast, devices fabricated from Diamond Materials and Element Six material required lower priming doses, and displayed 'zero' dark currents (beyond the detection limit), higher photocurrents and linear dose-rate responses. In addition, the Element Six devices exhibited less variation in response when irradiated at different angles of incidence.

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Moreover, the carbon to water stopping power ratio stays nearly constant over an electron energy range 1-20 MeV; thus, allowing direct measurement of dose distributions in tissue equivalent medium. 1,5 Furthermore, unlike silicon diodes, the same diamond detector is expected to be suitable for both electron and photon dosimetry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Most studies on diamond application for megavoltage electron and photon radiotherapy beam dosimetry have been performed using PTW natural diamond detectors and are reported as comparative investigations with respect to reference detectors, i.e., ionization chambers and silicon diodes. 5,[16][17][18][19][20][21] Although natural diamonds are well assessed in the market, their use is limited by a number of drawbacks, such as high costs, long delivery time due to suitable stones selection, lack of response reproducibility among detectors, and high dose rate dependence, which implies the use of a sampledependent correction factor in dosimetric measurements. On the other hand, spotty results have been reported on synthetic high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) (Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode for radiotherapy electron beam dosimetry

Venanzio

Marinelli²,

Milani³

et al. 2013

Med. Phys.

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Purpose: To investigate the dosimetric properties of synthetic single crystal diamond based Schottky diodes under irradiation with therapeutic electron beams from linear accelerators. Methods: A single crystal diamond detector was fabricated and tested under 6, 8, 10, 12, and 15 MeV electron beams. The detector performances were evaluated using three types of commercial detectors as reference dosimeters: an Advanced Markus plane parallel ionization chamber, a Semiflex cylindrical ionization chamber, and a p-type silicon detector. Preirradiation, linearity with dose, dose rate dependence, output factors, lateral field profiles, and percentage depth dose profiles were investigated and discussed. Results: During preirradiation the diamond detector signal shows a weak decrease within 0.7% with respect to the plateau value and a final signal stability of 0.1% (1σ ) is observed after about 5 Gy. A good linear behavior of the detector response as a function of the delivered dose is observed with deviations below ±0.3% in the dose range from 0.02 to 10 Gy. In addition, the detector response is dose rate independent, with deviations below 0.3% in the investigated dose rate range from 0.17 to 5.45 Gy/min. Percentage depth dose curves obtained from the diamond detector are in good agreement with the ones from the reference dosimeters. Lateral beam profile measurements show an overall good agreement among detectors, taking into account their respective geometrical features. The spatial resolution of solid state detectors is confirmed to be better than that of ionization chambers, being the one from the diamond detector comparable to that of the silicon diode. A good agreement within experimental uncertainties was also found in terms of output factor measurements between the diamond detector and reference dosimeters. Conclusions: The observed dosimetric properties indicate that the tested diamond detector is a suitable candidate for clinical electron beam dosimetry.

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A diamond detector in the dosimetry of high-energy electron and photon beams

Cited by 76 publications

References 12 publications

Dosimetric characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector in a clinical 62 MeV ocular therapy proton beam

Dosimetric characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector in a clinical 62 MeV ocular therapy proton beam

Investigation of the suitability of commercially available CVD diamond for megavoltage X-ray dosimetry

Characterization of a synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode for radiotherapy electron beam dosimetry

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