A Device for Protecting Moored Spectroradiometers from Biofouling

Chávez, Francisco P.; Wright, Dave; Herlien, R.; Kelley, Michael S. P.; Shane, F.; Strutton, Peter G.

doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<0215:adfpms>2.0.co;2

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fouling is further reduced by the addition of a fixed copper plate that covers the remainder of the fluorometer's face. These modifications significantly increase the Cu coverage over the wiper supplied by WET Labs and are extensions of work by Chavez et al (2000) and Manov et al (2004). The copper mesh shield prevents drifting fauna from collecting under, and jamming, the shutter.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Land/Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory: A robust networked mooring system for continuously monitoring complex biogeochemical cycles in estuaries

Jannasch

Coletti

Johnson

et al. 2008

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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An ocean observatory that consists of an array of moored sensor platforms, telemetry, and data collection and dissemination software was designed for monitoring the biogeochemistry and physical dynamics of coastal and estuarine ecosystems. The Land-Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory (LOBO) consists of robust moorings that can withstand tidal currents and weather. The moorings are highly configurable, can be deployed in waters as shallow as 0.5 m, are relatively easy to maintain, and accommodate a complete array of standard and novel sensors. The sensors communicate with an on-board controller which relays data to shore in near-real time. Up to five LOBO moorings have been simultaneously deployed and maintained in Elkhorn Slough, California, since November 2003. Continuous hourly data of biological, chemical, and physical properties are relayed to shore, processed, and disseminated to users through a web interface in near-real time. This article describes the design, implementation, and functionality of the LOBO monitoring system. *Corresponding Author: E-mail johnson@mbari.org AcknowledgmentsThis work was funded by the NSF Biocomplexity in the Environment program through grant ECS-0308070 and by the David and Lucile Packard Foundation through a grant to the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. The authors would like to acknowledge the significant help of John Douglas and the Moss Landing Marine Laboratories Marine Operations group for supplying the boats and equipment needed for deploying and maintaining the moorings. We also appreciate help from the staff at the Elkhorn Slough Reserve and the Sea Harvest Fish Market who provided locations for the wireless network stations. Limnol. Oceanogr.: Methods 6, 2008, 263-276 © 2008, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc. LIMNOLOGY and OCEANOGRAPHY: METHODSElkhorn Slough located at the head of Monterey Bay along the Central California coast. The system is capable of operation in a variety of estuaries and protected coastal waters. Materials and proceduresThe observing system consists of two versions of moorings, a suite of standard and novel in situ sensors, and two-way wireless communications. Software controls data collection, archiving, quality control, and dissemination via the Internet. A network of five moorings located within various environments within Elkhorn Slough has been deployed and tested since November 2003.The mooring system was designed to fulfill criteria that include (a) holding a suite of physical, chemical, and bio-optical sensors just below the surface and, optionally, at deeper depths; (b) the ability to withstand environmental forces such as currents, waves, and fouling for sustained (~1 y) periods in typical estuaries and relatively sheltered coastal environments; (c) collection of real-time data from the sensors and relaying those values to shore; and (d) the ability to be robust, yet easy to maintain, using small boats. A list of functional and system design requirements are shown in Table 1. The design criteri...

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confidence: 99%

The Land/Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory: A robust networked mooring system for continuously monitoring complex biogeochemical cycles in estuaries

Jannasch

Coletti

Johnson

et al. 2008

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…The observed PAR was measured by the spectroradiometer mounted on moorings ∼3 m above the water surface. 35 …”

Section: Mooring Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of errors in short wave radiation and its attenuation on modeled upper ocean heat content

Shulman

Gould

Anderson

et al. 2017

J. Appl. Remote Sens

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Abstract. Photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) and its attenuation with the depth represent a forcing (source) term in the governing equation for the temperature in the oceanic dynamical models. PAR usually comes from the atmospheric model predictions, whereas PAR's attenuation schemes are internally prescribed (estimated) inside the oceanic dynamical model. We perform sensitivity analyses to investigate the impact that errors in model surface PAR and vertical attenuation of PAR have on the upper ocean model heat content. In the Monterey Bay area, we show that with a decrease in water clarity, the relative error in surface PAR introduces a larger error in the modeled upper 25 m ocean heat content than the same magnitude relative error in the attenuation coefficient. For Jerlov's type "IA" water (attenuation coefficient is 0.049 m −1 ), the relative error in surface PAR introduces an error twice as large into the model heat content as the same magnitude relative error in the attenuation coefficient. For the more turbid water Jerlov's type "III" (attenuation coefficient is 0.127 m −1 ), the relative error in surface PAR introduces error seven times as large into the model heat content than the same magnitude relative error in the attenuation coefficient. We present how the upper ocean heat content sensitivities to errors in PAR and its attenuation change in space and time. While the sensitivities to the errors in surface PAR are all positive, sensitivities to the errors in attenuation coefficient have positive and negative values, depending on location. They are positive in shallower water for locations on the shelf in the northern part of the bay and negative in deeper offshore waters. Sensitivities derived provide a capability to understand and control the impact of errors in PAR and its attenuation on the upper ocean model heat content predictions.

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“…Often there is a need to integrate instruments and sensors together in ways not envisioned by the manufacturers, or to utilize commonly needed peripheral devices, such as global positioning system (GPS) receivers, systems for mitigating biofouling (Chavez et al 2000;Manov et al 2004), and communications modems using cellular, satellite, or acoustic channels (e.g., Benson et al 2006;Gallimore et al 2010). Here a distinction is being made between integration, which may involve combining disparate devices together for unified operation, and interfacing, which might instead involve streamlining or enhancing how a given sensor or instrument is polled, configured, or driven within a larger observing network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A General-Purpose Microcontroller-Based Framework for Integrating Oceanographic Sensors, Instruments, and Peripherals

Laney

2017

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Sensors and instruments for basic oceanographic properties are becoming increasingly sophisticated, which both simplifies and complicates their use in field studies. This increased sophistication disproportionately affects smaller-scale observational efforts that are less likely to be well supported technically but which need to integrate instruments, sensors, and commonly needed peripheral devices in ways not envisioned by their manufacturers. A general-purpose hardware and software framework was developed around a widely used family of low-power microcontrollers to lessen the technical expertise and customization required to integrate sensors, instruments, and peripherals, and thus simplify such integration scenarios. Both the hardware and associated firmware development tools provide a range of features often required in such scenarios: serial data interfaces, analog inputs and outputs, logic lines and power-switching capability, nonvolatile storage of data and parameters for sampling or configuration, and serial communication interfaces to supervisory or telemetry systems. The microcontroller and additional components needed to implement this integration framework are small enough to encapsulate in standard cable splices, creating a small form factor ''smart cable'' that can be readily wired and programmed for a range of integration needs. An application programming library developed for this hardware provides skeleton code for functions commonly desired when integrating sensors, instruments, and peripherals. This minimizes the firmware programming expertise needed to apply this framework in many integration scenarios and thus streamlines the development of firmware for different field applications. Envisioned applications are in field programs where significant technical instrumentation expertise is unavailable or not cost effective.

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A Device for Protecting Moored Spectroradiometers from Biofouling

Cited by 32 publications

References 12 publications

The Land/Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory: A robust networked mooring system for continuously monitoring complex biogeochemical cycles in estuaries

The Land/Ocean Biogeochemical Observatory: A robust networked mooring system for continuously monitoring complex biogeochemical cycles in estuaries

Impact of errors in short wave radiation and its attenuation on modeled upper ocean heat content

A General-Purpose Microcontroller-Based Framework for Integrating Oceanographic Sensors, Instruments, and Peripherals

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