A developmentally regulated disappearance of slow myosin in fast‐type muscles of the mouse

Whalen, Robert G.; Johnstone, D; Bryers, Paul S.; Butler-Browne, Gillian; Ecob, Marion S.; Jaros, Evelyn

doi:10.1016/0014-5793(84)80979-5

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…This would have the net effect of decreasing the percentage of type 1 fibers, as seen in this study. An alternative mechanism for the reduction in the percentage of type 1 fibers may be that a proportion of fibers underwent transformation from type 1 to type 2 fibers (Whalen et al, 1984). This possibility was not directly tested in this study, as individual fibers could not be followed throughout gestation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The sequence of MHC isoform transitions which myotubes undergo as they mature is an important determinant of skeletal muscle fiber type. The relationship between the patterns of MHC isoforms expressed by primary myotubes and the fiber type composition of mature muscles is not yet fully understood (Whalen et al, 1984;Dhoot, 1986;Zhang and McLennan, 1998). Immunohistochemistry using antibodies against developmental MHC isoforms has enabled changes in MHC isoform expression to be examined during normal bovine development (Robelin et al, 1993;Picard et al, 1994Picard et al, , 1995b and in DM animals (Picard et al, 1995a).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Skeletal muscle development in normal and double‐muscled cattle

2004

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This study examined the effect of genotype on prenatal muscle development in both normal-muscled (NM) animals and in double-muscled (DM) animals harboring a mutation in the gene for myostatin that results in the production of a functionally inactive protein. The following muscle development parameters were analyzed at four gestational ages: muscle weight, fiber type, by both enzyme histochemistry and myosin heavy-chain (MHC) immunocytochemistry, and average fiber area. The weights of both M. vastus lateralis and M. vastus medialis were greater throughout prenatal development in the DM animals compared to NM. The percentage of type 1 muscle fibers initially declined with gestational age and subsequently increased in both NM and DM. The percentage of type 1 fibers was consistently lower in DM than in NM. A pattern of MHC isoform localization was shown in DM muscle that is indicative of a delay in muscle development relative to NM. Muscle fiber size was differentially regulated in NM and DM, depending on fiber type. Type 1 fibers were smaller in DM than NM in late gestation, while type 2 fibers were smaller throughout gestation. This study suggests that the inactivating myostatin mutation in DM animals may be associated with changes in both skeletal muscle fiber type and fiber size during bovine muscle development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle development in normal and double‐muscled cattle

2004

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“…The second is the upregulation and adult fast MyHC genes and the progressive accumulation of MyHC-2A, -2X, and -2B in specific fast fiber subpopulations (184). Still another switch occurs in mouse fast muscles, such as tibialis anterior and plantaris, which at birth contain a small but significant proportion of type 1 fibers that disappear completely or almost completely during postnatal development (6,858). Finally, another switch takes place in slow rat muscles, such as soleus, with the progressive transformation of type 2A into type 1 fibers, a FIGURE 17.…”

Section: Muscle Fiber Types During Postnatal Development and Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Types in Mammalian Skeletal Muscles

Schiaffino

Reggiani

2011

Physiological Reviews

2,227

2,465

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Mammalian skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types, whose identity is first established during embryonic development by intrinsic myogenic control mechanisms and is later modulated by neural and hormonal factors. The relative proportion of the different fiber types varies strikingly between species, and in humans shows significant variability between individuals. Myosin heavy chain isoforms, whose complete inventory and expression pattern are now available, provide a useful marker for fiber types, both for the four major forms present in trunk and limb muscles and the minor forms present in head and neck muscles. However, muscle fiber diversity involves all functional muscle cell compartments, including membrane excitation, excitation-contraction coupling, contractile machinery, cytoskeleton scaffold, and energy supply systems. Variations within each compartment are limited by the need of matching fiber type properties between different compartments. Nerve activity is a major control mechanism of the fiber type profile, and multiple signaling pathways are implicated in activity-dependent changes of muscle fibers. The characterization of these pathways is raising increasing interest in clinical medicine, given the potentially beneficial effects of muscle fiber type switching in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.

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“…A considerable number of myosin heavy chain isoforms are encoded by a multigene family (23). The fast isoforms are developmentally regulated and differentially expressed in different muscles (1, 5,6,11,13,14,16,22,30,31). While it is clear that nerve and hormones do influence the transitions of these isoforms, the initial commitment to fast or slow myosin expression, as well as the regulation of slow myosin expression during embryogenesis are presently not understood.…”

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confidence: 99%

The expression of slow myosin during mammalian somitogenesis and limb bud differentiation.

Vivarelli¹,

Brown²,

Whalen³

et al. 1988

The Journal of Cell Biology

102

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Abstract. The developmental pattern of slow myosin expression has been studied in mouse embryos from the somitic stage to the period of secondary fiber formation and in myogenic cells, cultured from the same developmental stages.The results obtained, using a combination of different polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, indicate that slow myosin is coexpressed in virtually all the cells that express embryonic (fast) myosin in somites and limb buds in vivo as well as in culture.On 103:2197-2208), consist of primary myotubes, which express both myosins, and secondary myotubes, which express preferentially embryonic (fas0 myosin. Under no circumstance neonatal or adult fast myosins were detected. Western blot analysis confirmed the immunocytochemical data.These results suggest that embryonic myoblasts in mammals are all committed to the mixed embryonic-(fast) slow lineage and, accordingly, all primary fibers express both myosins, whereas fetal myoblasts mostly belong to the embryonic (fast) lineage and likely generate fibers containing only embryonic (fast) myosin. The relationship with current models of avian myogenesis are discussed.

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A developmentally regulated disappearance of slow myosin in fast‐type muscles of the mouse

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Skeletal muscle development in normal and double‐muscled cattle

Skeletal muscle development in normal and double‐muscled cattle

Fiber Types in Mammalian Skeletal Muscles

The expression of slow myosin during mammalian somitogenesis and limb bud differentiation.

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