A Developmental Study of the Cerebellar Nucleus in the Catshark, a Basal Gnathostome

Pose-Méndez, Sol; Rodríguez‐Moldes, Isabel; Candal, Eva; Mazan, Sylvie; Anadón, Ramón

doi:10.1159/000453654

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…It is reported that developing DCN neurons express Lhx5 , Lhx9 , and Tbr1 in the shark cerebellum as in mammals (Pose‐Mendez et al . ). Therefore, the genetic programs for differentiating GCs, PCs, and DCN neurons, and for generating neural circuits were already established before the cartilaginous fishes split off (Fig.…”

Section: Mechanisms For the Development Of Cerebellum Diversitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary mechanisms that generate morphology and neural‐circuit diversity of the cerebellum

et al. 2017

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The cerebellum is derived from the dorsal part of the anterior-most hindbrain. The vertebrate cerebellum contains glutamatergic granule cells (GCs) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic Purkinje cells (PCs). These cerebellar neurons are generated from neuronal progenitors or neural stem cells by mechanisms that are conserved among vertebrates. However, vertebrate cerebella are widely diverse with respect to their gross morphology and neural circuits. The cerebellum of cyclostomes, the basal vertebrates, has a negligible structure. Cartilaginous fishes have a cerebellum containing GCs, PCs, and deep cerebellar nuclei (DCNs), which include projection neurons. Ray-finned fish lack DCNs but have projection neurons termed eurydendroid cells (ECs) in the vicinity of the PCs. Among ray-finned fishes, the cerebellum of teleost zebrafish has a simple lobular structure, whereas that of weakly electric mormyrid fish is large and foliated. Amniotes, which include mammals, independently evolved a large, foliated cerebellum, which contains massive numbers of GCs and has functional connections with the dorsal telencephalon (neocortex). Recent studies of cyclostomes and cartilaginous fish suggest that the genetic program for cerebellum development was already encoded in the genome of ancestral vertebrates. In this review, we discuss how alterations of the genetic and cellular programs generated diversity of the cerebellum during evolution.

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Section: Mechanisms For the Development Of Cerebellum Diversitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Evolutionary mechanisms that generate morphology and neural‐circuit diversity of the cerebellum

et al. 2017

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“…The development of the dorsal hindbrain in L. erinacea is described. The et al 2016a;. The presence of such a molecular layer is not restricted to the Cb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Both the MON and DON are likely derivatives of the lower rhombic lip (LRL) (Pose-Mendez et al 2016b). In the mammalian Cb, excitatory cells are derivatives of the upper rhombic lip (URL), while inhibitory cells are produced rostrally in the cerebellar ventricular zone .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been hypothesized that the evolutionary genesis of the Cb took place through a spatial or temporal change in expression of already expressed genes and by the cooption of existing cell types rather than the addition of novel cell types (Pose-Mendez et al 2016a. Mutations that affect Purkinje cells also affect Cartwheel cells, which are principal cells in a mammalian-specific CbLS, the dorsal cochlear nucleus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Skate eggs were collected weeks to months after adults were introduced to the holding tanks. Embryos were staged according to the current literature (Pose-Mendez et al 2016b;).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental Evidence for the Evolutionary Relationship of Cerebellum and Cerebellum-like Structures in an Elasmobranch Fish

Suriano¹

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The majority of neurons in the mammalian brain reside within the cerebellum. The cerebellum has several functions, including motor control, sensory processing and cognition. Despite its anatomical and functional significance, the evolutionary origins of the cerebellum are not well understood. There are several sensory nuclei present across vertebrate phylogeny collectively termed cerebellum-like structures due to a shared anatomy and physiology with the cerebellum. Common structure and function may arise due to a shared genetic and developmental toolkit. If this is true, the cerebellum may have evolved as a duplication or expansion of the cerebellum-like structures and these structures would be considered generatively homologous. In Chapter 1, I review what is known about cerebellar anatomy and development, cerebellum-like structures and candidate genes that may play a role in this common developmental genetic toolkit. In Chapter 2, I describe the morphological and temporal developmental relationships between the cerebellum and cerebellum-like structures in a representative of the most basal extant vertebrate lineage that possesses a cerebellum, the little skate Leucoraja erinacea. In Chapter 3, I test the hypothesis that the cerebellum and cerebellum-like structures develop using a shared developmental genetic toolkit by determining if homologs of candidate genes important for parallel-fiber-Purkinje cell synaptogenesis are expressed in the same respective cell types between both structures. I have also shown that major elements of gnathostome cerebellar development are conserved. Based on these findings, it is iii possible that the cerebellum evolved as a result of a duplication or expansion of the cerebellum-like developmental genetic toolkit.iv Acknowledgements I would first like to thank my advisor, David Bodznick, for his help during this thesis. David expertly managed this advisory role. I am extremely thankful that he let me make the mistakes that led to valuable learning experiences, while also being a safety net who subtly guided me toward this ultimate goal. I'm also thankful that David let me craft an unusual thesis, which involved methodologies and developmental questions that have not been tackled by this laboratory before.Due to the methodologies that were required to complete this thesis, I had to perform some work in the laboratory of other biologists at Wesleyan. I would like to thank Laura Grabel, Christopher Chen and Nickesha Anderson for teaching me how to perform immunohistofluorescence. Without taking up bench space in Laura's lab for several months I would not have been able to incorporate this methodology into our laboratory and this thesis would be very different. Nickesha, Chris and I started the PhD program in the same year and their friendship has been an important part of my tenure at Wesleyan. I would also like to thank Janice Naegele and Eric Weiss for teaching me how to perform western blots. I set up camp in the Naegele laboratory for several months while I performed this part of...

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Diversity of cellular physiology and morphology of Purkinje cells in the adult zebrafish cerebellum

Magnus

Xing

Zhang

et al. 2022

J of Comparative Neurology

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This study was designed to explore the functional circuitry of the adult zebrafish cerebellum, focusing on its Purkinje cells and using whole-cell patch recordings and single cell labeling in slice preparations. Following physiological characterizations, the recorded single cells were labeled for morphological identification. It was found that the zebrafish Purkinje cells are surprisingly diverse. Based on their physiology and morphology, they can be classified into at least three subtypes: Type I, a narrow spike cell, which fires only narrow Na + spikes (<3 ms in duration), and has a single primary dendrite with an arbor restricted to the distal molecular layer; Type II, a broad spike cell, which fires broad Ca 2+ spikes (5-7 ms in duration) and has a primary dendrite with limited branching in the inner molecular layer and then further radiates throughout the molecular layer; and Type III, a very broad spike cell, which fires very broad Ca 2+ spikes (≥10 ms in duration) and has a dense proximal dendritic arbor that is either restricted to the inner molecular layer (Type IIIa), or radiates throughout the entire molecular layer (Type IIIb). The graded paired-pulse facilitation of these Purkinje cells' responses to parallel fiber activations and the all-or-none, paired-pulse depression of climbing fiber activation are largely similar to those reported for mammals. The labeled axon terminals of these Purkinje cells end locally, as reported for larval zebrafish.The present study provides evidence that the corresponding functional circuitry and information processing differ from what has been well-established in the mammalian cerebellum.

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A Developmental Study of the Cerebellar Nucleus in the Catshark, a Basal Gnathostome

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Evolutionary mechanisms that generate morphology and neural‐circuit diversity of the cerebellum

Evolutionary mechanisms that generate morphology and neural‐circuit diversity of the cerebellum

Developmental Evidence for the Evolutionary Relationship of Cerebellum and Cerebellum-like Structures in an Elasmobranch Fish

Diversity of cellular physiology and morphology of Purkinje cells in the adult zebrafish cerebellum

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