A Developmental Perspective on Visual Proprioception

Anderson, David I.; Campos, Joseph J.; Barbu-Roth, Marianne

doi:10.1002/9780470752180.ch2

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…First, human infants are initially poor at utilizing PLOF to control whole-body sway. Locomotor experience leads to the perceptual differentiation and utilization of PLOF, presumably because relegating control of posture during locomotion to the peripheral field of view frees the central field of view for steering and attending to object and events in the environment (Anderson, Campos, & Barbu-Roth, 2003). The second step occurs when the infant who is perceptually attuned to PLOF encounters depth at an edge, leading to a loss of information upon which the infant has come to depend.…”

Section: The Epigenesis Of Wariness Of Heightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epigenesis of Wariness of Heights

et al. 2013

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Human infants with little or no crawling experience surprisingly show no wariness of heights. Subsequently, such wariness becomes exceptionally strong over the life-span. Neither depth perception nor falling experiences explain this extraordinary developmental shift; something about locomotor experience does. The crucial component of locomotor experience in this emotional change is developments in visual proprioception – the optically-based perception of self-movement. Pre-crawling infants randomly assigned to drive a powered-mobility-device (PMD), showed significantly greater visual proprioception, and significantly greater wariness of heights, than controls. More importantly, visual proprioception scores mediated the relation between wariness of heights and locomotor experience. In a separate study, visual proprioception predicted whether crawling infants would descend onto the deep side of a visual cliff, confirming the importance of visual proprioception in the development of wariness of heights.

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Section: The Epigenesis Of Wariness Of Heightsmentioning

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The Epigenesis of Wariness of Heights

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“…During locomotion, visual proprioception consists of (a) a radial expansion of the visual field emanating from the target of locomotion, and (b) lamellar, nearly straight, layers of optic flow in the visual periphery (the limiting instance being the vertical walls to one's left and right in a corridor). Lamellar optic flow in the visual periphery is especially effective in producing perception of self-movement as well as postural compensation, even when there is no central, radial, flow (see Anderson, Campos, & Barbu-Roth, 2004 and Dichgans & Brandt, 1978 for reviews). When such flow goes from in front to behind a person, one perceives self-motion forward and shifts one's posture in the same direction as the optic flow; when the flow goes from behind to in front, one perceives oneself moving backward and shifts one's posture forward, again in the direction of optic flow.…”

Section: Visual Proprioception: Its Definition and Importancementioning

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Locomotor experience affects self and emotion.

Uchiyama¹,

Anderson²,

Campos³

et al. 2008

Developmental Psychology

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Two studies investigated the role of locomotor experience on visual proprioception in 8-month-old infants. Visual proprioception refers to the sense of self-motion induced in a static person by patterns of optic flow. A moving room apparatus permitted displacement of an entire enclosure (except for the floor) or the side walls and ceiling. In Study 1, creeping infants and prelocomotor/walker infants showed significantly greater postural compensation and emotional responses to side wall movement than did same-age prelocomotor infants. Study 2 used true random assignment of prelocomotor infants to locomotor-training (via a powered-mobility-device) and no-training conditions. Experimental infants showed powerful effects of locomotor training. These results imply that locomotor experience is playing a causal role in the ontogeny of visual proprioception.

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“…The findings reported by Barbu-Roth and colleagues imply that a rudimentary coupling between vision and stepping is present at birth; however, this coupling must surely change as infants' visual and motor systems develop and as they gain increasing experience using optic flow to control posture and various forms of locomotion (Anderson, Campos, & Barbu-Roth, 2004;Gilmore, Hous, Petter, & Norcia, 2007). We sought to establish what the coupling looks like in the 2-month-old relative to what has been reported for the newborn by Barbu-Roth and colleagues (Barbu-Roth et al, 2009;Barbu-Roth et al, 2013) and whether the amount of air stepping would be higher with optic flow than without it.…”

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Why Does Infant Stepping Disappear and Can It Be Stimulated by Optic Flow?

et al. 2014

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Two independent experiments (n = 22 and n = 22) showed that 2-month-old infants displayed significantly more stepping movements when supported upright in the air than when supported with their feet contacting a surface. Air- and surface-stepping kinematics were quite similar (Experiment 2). In addition, when data were collapsed across both experiments, more air steps and more donkey kicks were seen when infants were exposed to optic flows that specified backward compared to forward translation. The findings challenge the currently accepted heavy legs explanation for the disappearance of stepping at 2 months of age and raise new questions about the visual control of stepping.

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A Developmental Perspective on Visual Proprioception

Cited by 7 publications

References 74 publications

The Epigenesis of Wariness of Heights

The Epigenesis of Wariness of Heights

Locomotor experience affects self and emotion.

Why Does Infant Stepping Disappear and Can It Be Stimulated by Optic Flow?

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