A detailed study of developmental immunotoxicity of imidacloprid in Wistar rats

Gawade, Lalita; Dadarkar, Shruta S.; Husain, Raushan; Gatne, M. M.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.009

Cited by 76 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Glyphosate inserted in the aromatase active site of mammalian cells disrupts steroidogenesis [23]. Imidacloprid alters the developing immunity in rats [38]. Fluroxypyr (ester 1-methylheptyl) has never been tested in human cells before this study but appears to be toxic from 22 ppm in formulation; its ADI is only 0.8 ppm/day (DG SANCO, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Pesticides Are More Toxic to Human Cells Than Their Declared Active Principles

Mesnage

Defarge

Vendômois³

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

278

166

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Pesticides are used throughout the world as mixtures called formulations. They contain adjuvants, which are often kept confidential and are called inerts by the manufacturing companies, plus a declared active principle, which is usually tested alone. We tested the toxicity of 9 pesticides, comparing active principles and their formulations, on three human cell lines (HepG2, HEK293, and JEG3). Glyphosate, isoproturon, fluroxypyr, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, tebuconazole, epoxiconazole, and prochloraz constitute, respectively, the active principles of 3 major herbicides, 3 insecticides, and 3 fungicides. We measured mitochondrial activities, membrane degradations, and caspases 3/7 activities. Fungicides were the most toxic from concentrations 300–600 times lower than agricultural dilutions, followed by herbicides and then insecticides, with very similar profiles in all cell types. Despite its relatively benign reputation, Roundup was among the most toxic herbicides and insecticides tested. Most importantly, 8 formulations out of 9 were up to one thousand times more toxic than their active principles. Our results challenge the relevance of the acceptable daily intake for pesticides because this norm is calculated from the toxicity of the active principle alone. Chronic tests on pesticides may not reflect relevant environmental exposures if only one ingredient of these mixtures is tested alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Pesticides Are More Toxic to Human Cells Than Their Declared Active Principles

Mesnage

Defarge

Vendômois³

et al. 2014

BioMed Research International

278

166

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“…Imidacloprid, 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine, has been used as an pesticide for crop protection worldwide over the last decade [151617]. It is the best known neonicotinoid and a remarkably potent neurotoxic insecticide, which acts as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) agonists [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the best known neonicotinoid and a remarkably potent neurotoxic insecticide, which acts as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) agonists [18]. Besides it is developmental toxicity, genotoxicity and chronic toxicity, there was also an attempt to explore the immunotoxicity of imidacloprid [1619202122]. Recent advances showed that imidacloprid can suppress adaptive and inflammatory immune responses [2324].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imidacloprid inhibits IgE-mediated RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis

Shi

Zou

Gao

et al. 2016

Asia Pacific Allergy

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BackgroundImidacloprid has been commonly used as a pesticide for crop protection and acts as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists. Little information about the relationship between imidacloprid and allergy is available.ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the effects of imidacoprid on IgE-mediated mast cell activation.MethodsThe rat basophilic leukemia cell line RBL-2H3 (RBL-2H3 cells) were treated with 10-3 – 10-12 mol/L imidacloprid, followed by measuring the mediator production, influx of Ca2+ in IgE-activated RBL-2H3 cells, and the possible effects of imidacoprid on anti-dinitrophenyl IgE-induced passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA).ResultsIt was shown that imidacoprid suppressed the production of histamine, β-hexosaminidase, leukotriene C4, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and Ca2+ mobilization in IgE-activated RBL-2H3 cells and decreased vascular extravasation in IgE-induced PCA.ConclusionIt is the first time to show that imidacloprid suppressed the activation of RBL-2H3 cells.

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“…An investigation of the developmental immunotoxic potential of IMD was recorded. The IMD caused age-dependent adverse effects on the developing immunity, which was aggravated when continuity of exposure throughout development which leading to a compromised immune system [13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotoxic effect of thiamethoxam in immunized mice with Brucella abortus cultural filtrate antigen

2016

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Aim:This study was planned for determination the toxic effect of thiamethoxam (TMX) in immunized mice with Brucella abortus culture filtrate antigen (CFBAgs) (as a vaccine) and its role of TMX on decrease activity of B. abortus antigen on eliciting of humoral and cellular immunity.Materials and Methods:To achieve these goals 60 female mice were used, 7-8 weeks age, they were divided equally into three groups (20 in each group) and treated as follows: 1st group: Mice were immunized with CFBAgs intraperitoneally in two doses, 2 weeks intervals with (protein concentration 2 mg\ml), 2nd group: Mice immunized as in the 1st group and was administrated orally with 1/10 lethal dose 50% of TMX (83.7 mg/kg B.W.) for 4 weeks daily, 3rd group was administrated orally with 0.3 ml normal saline served as a control group. At day 28 post immunization (PI) delayed type hypersensitivity (skin test) was done, and serum samples were collected at day 30 (PI) for detection of passive hemagglutination test (PHA); interferon gamma (IFN-γ) which was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test in addition to phagocytes assay.Results:The results of skin test post injection with soluble antigen of B. abortus intradermally showed a high significantly mean values at p≤0.05 of footpad skin thickness in the 1st group of mice which recorded (0.51±0.002 mm) as compared with the 2nd group of mice which showed (0.08±0.002 mm) after 24 h; the mean values of skin thickness were declined in the 1st mice (0.46±0.002) and 2nd mice (0.070±0.001) at 48 h; control group showed a negative results. These results were agreed with results of serum levels of IFN-γ (pg/ml) that showed that a significant increase the vaccinated 1st group (406.36±1.52), than those values in the 2nd group (151.61±0.89) and negative result in 3rd group (46.47±0.60), in addition to results of PHA test which showed a significant increase in antibody titer in the 1st group (139±12.16) with low level of serum antibody in the 2nd group (7.66±0.33). Phagocytic ratio results in the 1st group showed an increase to reach (18.55±0.44) than a ratio in the 2nd group (13.24±0.32) and the control group (5.46±0.25).Conclusion:It was concluded that TMX induced suppression of humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized mice with CFBAgs.

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A detailed study of developmental immunotoxicity of imidacloprid in Wistar rats

Cited by 76 publications

References 17 publications

Major Pesticides Are More Toxic to Human Cells Than Their Declared Active Principles

Major Pesticides Are More Toxic to Human Cells Than Their Declared Active Principles

Imidacloprid inhibits IgE-mediated RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis

Immunotoxic effect of thiamethoxam in immunized mice with Brucella abortus cultural filtrate antigen

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