A detailed look at the impacts of biofloc on immunological and hematological parameters and improving resistance to diseases

Khanjani, Mohammad Hossein; Sharifinia, Moslem; Emerenciano, Maurício Gustavo Coelho

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108796

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…However, non-ionized ammonia values in this study remained stable and adequate for the angelfish P. scalare, with harmless effects on growth performance (Serezli et al, 2016). Elevated ammonia levels have also been linked to increased vulnerability to different parasitic, viral, bacterial diseases in fishes (Serezli et al, 2016;Neissi et al, 2020;Khanjani et al, 2023;Motta et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities in two rearing systems

Santos,

Zanella,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Biol.

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This study evaluated the growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities using two rearing systems. The experiment was conducted in a factorial design (4x2) with four stocking densities (0.1, 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 g/L), two type of aquarium tanks (glass and ceramic aquariums), and four replicates. The experiment lasted 60 days using 148 juvenile fish (3.05 ± 0.09 g) randomly placed in 32 aquariums (50 L) equipped with filters and aeration. All fish received two meals a day ad libitum (8:00 and 16:00). Water quality parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and total ammonia were measured. At the end of the experiment, all fish were measured and weighed to determine growth performance and then subjected to parasitological analysis. The data were analyzed with a two-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test (p<0.05). No effects on growth performance at different stocking densities were observed. However, there was an increase in Capillaria pterophylli infestation in the high stocking density within ceramic aquariums. Thus, this study recommends the use of 1.0 g/L for the intensive aquaculture system of freshwater angelfish, and applying cleaning management to avoid parasite infestation, particularly in ceramic aquariums.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High stocking densities cause stress (Eiras et al, 2022), which promotes immunosuppression by the fish (Gallani et al, 2016), consequently increasing diseases (Khanjani et al, 2023). The transmission of pathogens is another important consequence of inadequate management (Cardoso et al, 2024;Hoseinifar et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities in two rearing systems

Santos,

Zanella,

Ferreira

et al. 2024

Braz. J. Biol.

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“…This system provides a quick return on investment due to its high productivity. Furthermore, the risk of contracting diseases is lower, water is used more efficiently, and wastewater is less likely to enter the environment [ 207 ]. BFT requires proper management because of its technological and biological complexity.…”

Section: Future Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofloc Technology (BFT) in Aquaculture: What Goes Right, What Goes Wrong? A Scientific-Based Snapshot

Khanjani,

Sharifinia,

Emerenciano

2024

Aquaculture Nutrition

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Aquaculture is a crucial industry that can help meet the increasing demand for aquatic protein products and provide employment opportunities in coastal areas and beyond. If incorrectly manage, traditional aquaculture methods can have negative impacts on the environment and natural resources, including water pollution and overuse of wild fish stocks as aquafeed ingredients. Biofloc technology (BFT) may offer a promising solution to some of these challenges by promoting a cleaner and sustainable production system. BFT converts waste into bioflocs, which serve as a natural food source for fish and shrimp within the culture system, reducing the need for external inputs, such as feed and chemicals. Moreover, BFT has the potential to improve yields and economic performance while promoting efficient resource utilization, such as water and energy. Despite its numerous advantages, BFT presents several challenges, such as high energy demand, high initial/running costs, waste (effluent, suspended solids, and sludge) management, opportunistic pathogens (vibrio) spread, and a lack of understanding of operational/aquatic/microbial dynamics. However, with further training, research, and innovation, these challenges can be overcome, and BFT can become a more widely understood and adopted technique, acting as an effective method for sustainable aquaculture. In summary, BFT offers a cleaner production option that promotes circularity practices while enhancing performance and economic benefits. This technique has the potential to address several challenges faced by the aquaculture industry while ensuring its continued growth and protecting the environment. A more broad BFT adoption can contribute to meeting the increasing demand for aquaculture products while reducing the industry’s negative impact on the environment and natural resources. In this context, this review provides an overview of the advantages and challenges of BFT and highlights key technical, biological, and economic aspects to optimize its application, promote further adoption, and overcome the current challenges.

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“…BFT has many benefits for aquaculture, enhancing the overall health of farmed species, which could lead to greater efficiency and sustainability in the aquaculture industry. In the case of crustaceans, their innate immunity relies on cellular mechanisms 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of stocking density on the growth, immune and physiological responses, and cultivation environment of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc systems

Said,

Abo-Al-Ela,

El-Barbary

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Biofloc (BF) stands out as a promising system for sustainable shrimp farming. Optimizing various culture conditions, such as stocking density, carbohydrate source, and feeding management, is crucial for the widespread adoption of the BF system. This study compares the growth performance of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in culture ponds at low density (LD) with 50 organisms/m2 and high density (HD) with 200 organisms/m2. Post-larvae of white-leg shrimp were stocked for 16 weeks in both LD and HD groups. The LD group exhibited a superior survival rate, growth rate, and feed consumption compared to the HD group. The BF from the LD system recorded a significantly higher protein content (16.63 ± 0.21%) than the HD group (15.21 ± 0.34%). Heterotrophic bacterial counts in water did not significantly differ with stocking density. However, Vibrio count in water samples was higher in the HD group (3.59 ± 0.35 log CFU/mL) compared to the LD group (2.45 ± 0.43 log CFU/mL). The whole shrimp body analysis revealed significantly higher protein and lipid content in the LD group. In contrast, the total aerobic bacterial count in shrimp from the HD group was high, with the identification of Salmonella enterica ssp. arizonae. Additionally, Vibrio counts in shrimp samples were significantly higher in the HD group (4.63 ± 0.32 log CFU/g) compared to the LD group (3.57 ± 0.22 log CFU/g). The expression levels of immune-associated genes, including prophenoloxidase, transglutaminase, penaiedin 3, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme, serine proteinase, and the growth-related gene ras-related protein (rap-2a), were significantly enhanced in the LD group. Conversely, stress-related gene expression increased significantly in the HD group. Hepatopancreases amylase, lipase, and protease were higher in the LD group, while trypsin activity did not differ significantly. Antioxidant enzyme activity (catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) significantly increased in the LD group. The histological structure of hepatopancreas, musculature, and female gonads remained similar in both densities. However, negative effects were observed in the gills' histology of the HD group. These results suggest that increasing stocking density is associated with significantly negative biological, microbial, and physiological effects on white-leg shrimp under the BF system.

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A detailed look at the impacts of biofloc on immunological and hematological parameters and improving resistance to diseases

Cited by 19 publications

References 127 publications

The growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities in two rearing systems

The growth performance and parasite load of angelfish juveniles Pterophyllum scalare kept at different stocking densities in two rearing systems

Biofloc Technology (BFT) in Aquaculture: What Goes Right, What Goes Wrong? A Scientific-Based Snapshot

Influence of stocking density on the growth, immune and physiological responses, and cultivation environment of white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in biofloc systems

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