A detailed landscape of CRISPR-Cas-mediated plant disease and pest management

Karmakar, Subhasis; Das, Priya; Panda, D; Xie, Kabin; Baig, M. J.; Molla, Kutubuddin A.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111376

Cited by 50 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 308 publications

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“…One major application of Cas9 mediated gene editing is towards the creation of targeted genetic edits for plant disease resistance, and a variety of studies have made progress in this realm ( Karmakar et al., 2022 ). The gene Pi21 was first characterized in rice ( Oryza sativa ) as a negative regulator of resistance for blast disease ( Fukuoka et al., 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of highly efficient exogenous-DNA-free Cas9-ribonucleoprotein mediated gene editing in disease susceptibility loci in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

et al. 2023

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The advancement of precision engineering for crop trait improvement is important in the face of rapid population growth, climate change, and disease. To this end, targeted double-stranded break technology using RNA-guided Cas9 has been adopted widely for genome editing in plants. Agrobacterium or particle bombardment-based delivery of plasmids encoding Cas9 and guide RNA (gRNA) is common, but requires optimization of expression and often results in random integration of plasmid DNA into the plant genome. Recent advances have described gene editing by the delivery of Cas9 and gRNA as pre-assembled ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) into various plant tissues, but with moderate efficiency in resulting regenerated plants. In this report we describe significant improvements to Cas9-RNP mediated gene editing in wheat. We demonstrate that Cas9-RNP assays in protoplasts are a fast and effective tool for rational selection of optimal gRNAs for gene editing in regenerable immature embryos (IEs), and that high temperature treatment enhances gene editing rates in both tissue types. We also show that Cas9-mediated editing persists for at least 14 days in gold particle bombarded wheat IEs. The regenerated edited wheat plants in this work are recovered at high rates in the absence of exogenous DNA and selection. With this method, we produce knockouts of a set of three homoeologous genes and two pathogenic effector susceptibility genes, engineering insensitivity to corresponding necrotrophic effectors produced by Parastagonospora nodorum. The establishment of highly efficient, exogenous DNA-free gene editing technology holds promise for accelerated trait diversity production in an expansive array of crops.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of highly efficient exogenous-DNA-free Cas9-ribonucleoprotein mediated gene editing in disease susceptibility loci in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

et al. 2023

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“…However, in order to be economically feasible for farmers who would supply their harvests from these plants to the food industries, the challenges like low yield and susceptibility to diseases need to be tackled. Karmakar et al ( 2022 ) highlighted that CRISPR-Cas gene editing tools can be used to introduce precise mutations in pathogen susceptibility alleles in plants (like GmF3H1, GmF3H2 , and GmFNSII-1 , also involved in soybean isoflavonoid metabolism) thereby improving plant immunity. Experiments for generation of improved plant varieties through genetic modification enhance our mechanistic understanding of stress tolerance in plants, however many governments all over the world have strict guidelines for introducing foreign genes in other organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutraceutical and flavor profiles in underutilized desert legumes of India: gene editing strategies towards sustainable food development

Joshi

Sehgal

Mandal

et al. 2023

J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol.

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Climate change has posed a challenge for food security all over the world in the form of fluctuating crop yields and novel disease outbreaks in plants. Human society’s overdependence on a few food crops does not seem a wise precedence. There are numerous underutilized/orphan/neglected legumes growing in the Indian desert regions that can come to the rescue and act as balanced and sustainable sources of nutrients and health-benefitting nutraceuticals. However, challenges such as low plant yield, unidentified metabolic pathways and off-flavor in the food products derived from them prevent the realization of their full potential. Conventional breeding techniques are too slow to achieve the desired modifications and cater to the sharply rising demand for functional foods. The novel gene editing tools like CRISPR-Cas provide more precise tool to manipulate the target genes with or without introduction of foreign DNA and therefore, have better chances to be accepted by governments and societies. The current article reports some of the relevant ‘gene editing’ success stories with respect to nutraceutical and flavor profiles in the popular legumes. It highlights gaps and future potential, along with areas requiring caution, in underutilized edible legumes of the Indian (semi) arid regions like Prosopis cineraria , Acacia senegal and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba .

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“…Deletions, additions, single nucleotides or DNA segment substitution are used to change a target gene. Researchers have developed artificial site-specific nucleases, broadly classified as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases that are designed to effect a targeted, double-stranded break in the DNA ( Karmakar et al, 2022 ). ZFNs consist of a zinc finger DNA binding domain attached with nuclease FokI ( Carroll, 2011 ).…”

Section: New Breeding Techniques For Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRISPR-Cas nuclease consists of a guide RNA and a Cas nuclease. Using the Cas9 endonuclease, CRISPR-Cas9 is the most extensively used system for genome editing, thanks to its simple design, cost effectiveness, high efficacy, reproducibility and engineering feasibility ( Karmakar et al, 2022 ). A single guide RNA (sgRNA) hybrid consisting of a CRISPR-RNA and a transactivating RNA locate the binding and cleavage site for the Cas9 nuclease.…”

Section: New Breeding Techniques For Biofortificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat

Roy

Kumar²,

Ranjan³

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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More than three billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency associated anemia and an equal number people suffer from zinc deficiency. These conditions are more prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. In developing countries, children under the age of five with stunted growth and pregnant or lactating women were found to be at high risk of zinc and iron deficiencies. Biofortification, defined as breeding to develop varieties of staple food crops whose grain contains higher levels of micronutrients such as iron and zinc, are one of the most promising, cost-effective and sustainable ways to improve the health in resource-poor households, particularly in rural areas where families consume some part of what they grow. Biofortification through conventional breeding in wheat, particularly for grain zinc and iron, have made significant contributions, transferring important genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) from wild and related species into cultivated wheat. Nonetheless, the quantitative, genetically complex nature of iron and zinc levels in wheat grain limits progress through conventional breeding, making it difficult to attain genetic gain both for yield and grain mineral concentrations. Wheat biofortification can be achieved by enhancing mineral uptake, source-to-sink translocation of minerals and their deposition into grains, and the bioavailability of the minerals. A number of QTLs with major and minor effects for those traits have been detected in wheat; introducing the most effective into breeding lines will increase grain zinc and iron concentrations. New approaches to achieve this include maker assisted selection and genomic selection. Faster breeding approaches need to be combined to simultaneously increase grain mineral content and yield in wheat breeding lines.

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A detailed landscape of CRISPR-Cas-mediated plant disease and pest management

Cited by 50 publications

References 308 publications

Optimization of highly efficient exogenous-DNA-free Cas9-ribonucleoprotein mediated gene editing in disease susceptibility loci in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Optimization of highly efficient exogenous-DNA-free Cas9-ribonucleoprotein mediated gene editing in disease susceptibility loci in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Nutraceutical and flavor profiles in underutilized desert legumes of India: gene editing strategies towards sustainable food development

Genomic approaches for improving grain zinc and iron content in wheat

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