A Design Tool for Aerodynamic Lens Systems

Wang, Xiaoliang; McMurry, Peter H.

doi:10.1080/02786820600615063

Cited by 105 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The instrument was designed to detect and analyze sub-micrometer sized organic aerosol particles. The transmission of the aerodynamic lens F. Gaie-Levrel et al: Single particle laser ablation mass spectrometer system has been modeled and designed using the program developed by Wang et al (2006). The lens transmits particles with diameters comprised between 200 nm and 4 µm with a theoretical efficiency of 100 % in a beam of very low divergence (diameter <1 mm at the ion source).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development and characterization of a single particle laser ablation mass spectrometer (SPLAM) for organic aerosol studies

et al. 2012

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Abstract. A single particle instrument was developed for real-time analysis of organic aerosol. This instrument, named Single Particle Laser Ablation Mass Spectrometry (SPLAM), samples particles using an aerodynamic lens system for which the theoretical performances were calculated. At the outlet of this system, particle detection and sizing are realized by using two continuous diode lasers operating at λ = 403 nm. Polystyrene Latex (PSL), sodium chloride (NaCl) and dioctylphtalate (DOP) particles were used to characterize and calibrate optical detection of SPLAM. The optical detection limit (DL) and detection efficiency (DE) were determined using size-selected DOP particles. The DE ranges from 0.1 to 90 % for 100 and 350 nm DOP particles respectively and the SPLAM instrument is able to detect and size-resolve particles as small as 110-120 nm. During optical detection, particle scattered light from the two diode lasers, is detected by two photomultipliers and the detected signals are used to trigger UV excimer laser (λ = 248 nm) used for one-step laser desorption ionization (LDI) of individual aerosol particles. The formed ions are analyzed by a 1 m linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer in order to access to the chemical composition of individual particles. The TOF-MS detection limit for gaseous aromatic compounds was determined to be 0.85 × 10 −15 kg (∼4 × 10 3 molecules). DOP particles were also used to test the overall operation of the instrument. The analysis of a secondary organic aerosol, formed in a smog chamber by the ozonolysis of indene, is presented as a first application of the instrument. Single particle mass spectra were obtained with an effective hit rate of 8 %. Some of these mass spectra were found to be very different from one particle to another possibly reflecting chemical differences within the investigated indene SOA particles. Our study shows that an exhaustive statistical analysis, over hundreds of particles, and adapted reference mass spectra are further needed to understand the chemical meaning of single particle mass spectra of chemically complex submicrometer-sized organic aerosols.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wang's design tool (Wang et al, 2006) also allows modeling the theoretical performances for an ALS of given dimensions. For our system, a theoretical transmission efficiency of 100 % was calculated for particle diameters ranging from 200 nm to 4 µm and more than 90 % for particles diameter larger than 30 nm.…”

Section: The Aerodynamic Lens Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and characterization of a single particle laser ablation mass spectrometer (SPLAM) for organic aerosol studies

et al. 2012

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“…The reason for this was not investigated in this study. However, it might be related to an effect similar to that for the aerosol dynamic lens (Wang and McMurry, 2006). That is, an aerosol with a large filtration velocity may be focused after passing through each fiber.…”

Section: Separation Performance Of Inertial Filters and Characteristimentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Personal Sampler for Evaluating Exposure to Ultrafine Particles

Furuuchi

Choosong

Hata

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Evaluation of the exposure of humans to ultrafine, airborne particles is an important aspect of health in the workplace, especially in cases where nano-particles are present. However, portable sampling devices for efficiently collecting ultrafine particles in a worker's breathing zone are not readily available. The present study describes the design and development of a portable sampler for collecting particulates in the breathing zone, as a possible tool for this purpose. The design is based on the use of an "Inertial Filter" to separate various-sized nano-order particles. Inertial filters consisting of SUS fiber felt (fiber diameter 5.6-13.5 μm) placed in circular nozzles (3-6 mm diameter with 4.5 mm length) were used. To achieve the smallest dp50 under the allowable pressure drop of a portable pump, the influence of fiber loading on separation performance and pressure drop were investigated. The influence of particle loading was also examined in relation to pressure drop and separation performance. The smallest dp50 under the allowable pressure drop (5.7 kPa at 6 L/min) for the battery pump employed was ~140 and 200 nm respectively for SUS fibers of 5.6 and 9.8 μm diameter (particle volume fraction ~0.013). The change in separation performance due to particle loading was confirmed to be acceptable for use under the present conditions. Under these conditions, a sufficient amount of particles can be collected for chemical analyses, e.g., particle-bound PAHs after 6-8 hours of sampling. Hence, the developed sampler has the potential for use in evaluating exposure to ultrafine particles in the breathing zone in the workplace.

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“…Such isolated nanoparticles of nearly equal size and shape may be prepared by chemical synthesis in large quantities 15 . The nanoparticles can be supplied in sufficient density to the laser focus by employing either aerodynamic lenses 16,17 , optical trapping 18 or laser ablation 19 . From the experimental point of view, there are two major advantages of such an approach.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to test the experimental implementation of attosecond nanoplasmonic streaking, we estimated the expected electron count rates using table-top attosecond XUV light sources and typical nanoparticle target densities provided by aerosol evaporation techniques 16 . Although we have only considered single particles in our simulations, an ensemble of nanoparticles may be utilized in an experiment for a target that provides sufficient spatial separation between individual particles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Attosecond nanoplasmonic streaking of localized fields near metal nanospheres

Süßmann

Kling

2011

Phys. Rev. B

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Collective electron dynamics in plasmonic nanosystems can unfold on timescales in the attosecond regime and the direct measurements of plasmonic near-field oscillations is highly desirable. We report on numerical studies on the application of attosecond nanoplasmonic streaking spectroscopy to the measurement of collective electron dynamics in isolated Au nanospheres. The plasmonic field oscillations are induced by a few-cycle NIR driving field and are mapped by the energy of photoemitted electrons using a synchronized, time-delayed attosecond XUV pulse. By a detailed analysis of the amplitudes and phase shifts, we identify the different regimes of nanoplasmonic streaking and study the dependence on particle size, XUV photoelectron energy and emission position. The simulations indicate that the near-fields around the nanoparticles can be spatio-temporally reconstructed and may give detailed insight into the build-up and decay of collective electron motion.PACS numbers: 73.20.Mf, 78.47.JNanoplasmonics has rapidly evolved and numerous techniques have been developed to study the effects of plasmonic field enhancement 1 , but so far the direct, time-resolved measurement of plasmonic near-fields has not been achieved. The fastest dynamics in plasmonic nanosystems can take place on timescales down to 100 attoseconds as determined from the inverse bandwidth of plasmonic resonance spectra. Attosecond metrology has provided valuable tools for measurements of ultrafast electron dynamics in atoms 2-5 , molecules 6 and surfaces 7 . One of the most successful techniques is attosecond streaking spectroscopy 8,9 , employing photoemission of electrons by an attosecond XUV pulse synchronized to a strong optical field. Recording the electron kinetic energy spectra (by e.g. time-of-flight (TOF) spectroscopy) as a function of the delay between the two pulses allows for the reconstruction of the laser fields and the electron emission dynamics. The technique is consequently a promising candidate for the real-time observation of collective electron motion in nanosystems.One of the key aspects in traditional attosecond streaking on e.g. gas phase atomic targets is the spatial homogeneity of the driving laser field. In contrast, noble metal nanoparticles exhibit strongly enhanced, but highly localized optical fields, such that the assumption of spatial homogeneity is no longer valid. When applying attosecond streaking spectroscopy to nanoparticles, the spatial decay of the near-field into free space will govern the streaking process. Nanoplasmonic streaking was originally proposed for the instantaneous electric field probing regime 10 . A study on integrated streaking spectroscopy on nanostructured antennas showed, that a reconstruction of the relatively homogeneous field in the antenna gap is possible if photoemission is limited to this region 11 . Here the electron acceleration mostly takes place in the ponderomotive regime.We extend this previous work to spherical Au nanoparticles of different sizes and exploring the transition from t...

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A Design Tool for Aerodynamic Lens Systems

Cited by 105 publications

References 35 publications

Development and characterization of a single particle laser ablation mass spectrometer (SPLAM) for organic aerosol studies

Development and characterization of a single particle laser ablation mass spectrometer (SPLAM) for organic aerosol studies

Development of a Personal Sampler for Evaluating Exposure to Ultrafine Particles

Attosecond nanoplasmonic streaking of localized fields near metal nanospheres

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