The ongoing megatrends in industry and academia like the Internet of Things (IoT), the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) present the developers of modern computer architectures with various challenges. A novel class of processors which provide more data throughput with a simultaneously tremendously reduced energy consumption are required as a backbone for these "Things". Additionally, the requirements of CPS like realtime, reliability, dependability, safety, and security are gaining in importance in these applications. This paper shows a brief overview of novel processor architectures providing high flexibility to adapt during design-and runtime to changing requirements of the application and the internal and external system status.© Der/die Herausgeber bzw. der/die Autor(en) 2020 J. Jasperneite, V. Lohweg Kommunikation und Bildverarbeitung in der Automation, (Hrsg.), Technologien für die intelligente Automation 12, https://doi.