A design methodology for expressing emotion on robot faces

Shayganfar, Mohammad; Rich, Charles; Sidner, Candace L.

doi:10.1109/iros.2012.6385901

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Future work could also favour tests that use dynamic stimuli, possibly involving physically present robots, since the use of static images has recognised limitations in studies of this kind [45], and more broadly in the field of HRI [40,2,18]. Similarly, it is well known that novelty can introduce a confounding effect in HRI studies [14], especially when testing involves naive subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can you Tell the Robot by the Voice? An Exploratory Study on the Role of Voice in the Perception of Robots

McGinn

Torre

2019

2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

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It is well established that a robot's visual appearance plays a significant role in how it is perceived. Considerable time and resources are usually dedicated to help ensure that the visual aesthetics of social robots are pleasing to users and helps facilitate clear communication. However, relatively little consideration is given to how the voice of the robot should sound, which may have adverse effects on acceptance and clarity of communication. In this study, we explore the mental images people form when they hear robots speaking. In our experiment, participants listened to several voices, and for each voice they were asked to choose a robot, from a selection of eight commonly used social robot platforms, that was best suited to have that voice. The voices were manipulated in terms of naturalness, gender, and accent. Results showed that a) participants seldom matched robots with the voices that were used in previous HRI studies, b) the gender and naturalness vocal manipulations strongly affected participants' selection, and c) the linguistic content of the utterances spoken by the voices does not affect people's selection. This finding suggests that people associate voices with robot pictures, even when the content of spoken utterances was unintelligible. Our findings indicate that both a robot's voice and its appearance contribute to robot perception. Thus, giving a mismatched voice to a robot might introduce a confounding effect in HRI studies. We therefore suggest that voice design should be considered more thoroughly when planning spoken human-robot interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can you Tell the Robot by the Voice? An Exploratory Study on the Role of Voice in the Perception of Robots

McGinn

Torre

2019

2019 14th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI)

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“…Accuracy per emotion showed that joy/happiness and sadness, but not anger, fear and surprise, were recognized by children at above chance level for robots. While no information is provided for adult observers in the study of Nadel et al [22], other studies show that joy/happiness, surprise, and sadness are well recognized, followed by recognition of anger, while disgust and fear have proven more difficult to recognize when expressed by a robot [23]- [28].…”

Section: A Facial Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception of Emotion in Artificial Agents

Hortensius

Hekele

Cross

2018

IEEE Trans. Cogn. Dev. Syst.

110

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Section: A Facial Expressionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The perception of emotion in artificial agents

Hortensius¹,

Hekele²,

Cross³

2017

Preprint

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Given recent technological developments in robotics, artificial intelligence and virtual reality, it is perhaps unsurprising that the arrival of emotionally expressive and reactive artificial agents is imminent. However, if such agents are to become integrated into our social milieu, it is imperative to establish an understanding of whether and how humans perceive emotion in artificial agents. In this review, we incorporate recent findings from social robotics, virtual reality, psychology, and neuroscience to examine how people recognize and respond to emotions displayed by artificial agents. First, we review how people perceive emotions expressed by an artificial agent, such as facial and bodily expressions and vocal tone. Second, we evaluate the similarities and differences in the consequences of perceived emotions in artificial compared to human agents. Besides accurately recognizing the emotional state of an artificial agent, it is critical to understand how humans respond to those emotions. Does interacting with an angry robot induce the same responses in people as interacting with an angry person? Similarly, does watching a robot rejoice when it wins a game elicit similar feelings of elation in the human observer? Here we provide an overview of the current state of emotion expression and perception in social robotics, as well as a clear articulation of the challenges and guiding principles to be addressed as we move ever closer to truly emotional artificial agents.

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A design methodology for expressing emotion on robot faces

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Can you Tell the Robot by the Voice? An Exploratory Study on the Role of Voice in the Perception of Robots

Can you Tell the Robot by the Voice? An Exploratory Study on the Role of Voice in the Perception of Robots

The Perception of Emotion in Artificial Agents

The perception of emotion in artificial agents

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