A Design for an Absolute Light-Scattering Photometer

Kushner, Lawrence

doi:10.1364/josa.44.000155

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…62 "High" R 90 values correspond to those values (methods) which return the average molecular weight of a standard polymer when they are used in Eq. (29) for a dilute solution of the same polymer, [63][64][65][66][67][68] whereas "low" values do not correlate well with the expected M 2 values for standardpolymer solutions. Apparently, because it is now accepted that LS can be used to obtain the true molecular weight, "low" R 90 values are often omitted or neglected from later literature, and the use of "high" values has become standard.…”

Section: A Experimental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reexamining protein–protein and protein–solvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions

Blanco¹,

Şahin²,

Li³

et al. 2011

The Journal of Chemical Physics

203

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The classic analysis of Rayleigh light scattering (LS) is re-examined for multi-component protein solutions, within the context of Kirkwood-Buff (KB) theory as well as a more generalized canonical treatment. Significant differences arise when traditional treatments that approximate constant pressure and neglect concentration fluctuations in one or more (co)solvent/co-solute species are compared with more rigorous treatments at constant volume and with all species free to fluctuate. For dilute solutions, it is shown that LS can be used to rigorously and unambiguously obtain values for the osmotic second virial coefficient (B 22 ), in contrast with recent arguments regarding protein interactions deduced from LS experiments. For more concentrated solutions, it is shown that conventional analysis over(under)-estimates the magnitude of B 22 for significantly repulsive(attractive) conditions, and that protein-protein KB integrals (G 22 ) are the more relevant quantity obtainable from LS. Published data for α-chymotrypsinogen A and a series of monoclonal antibodies at different pH and salt concentrations are re-analyzed using traditional and new treatments. The results illustrate that while traditional analysis may be sufficient if one is interested in only the sign of B 22 or G 22 , the quantitative values can be significantly in error. A simple approach is illustrated for determining whether protein concentration (c 2 ) is sufficiently dilute for B 22 to apply, and for correcting B 22 values from traditional LS regression at higher c 2 values. The apparent molecular weight M 2,app obtained from LS is shown to generally not be equal to the true molecular weight, with the differences arising from a combination of protein-solute and protein-cosolute interactions that may, in principle, also be determined from LS.

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Section: A Experimental Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Reexamining protein–protein and protein–solvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions

Blanco¹,

Şahin²,

Li³

et al. 2011

The Journal of Chemical Physics

203

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“…Where data is not available, the cross section is estimated by shifting cross sections by the required threshold energy, as suggested in ref 18. Some of the ion‐ion recombination rate coefficients are also estimated according to the recommendations made in refs 30, 31. The Boltzmann solver BOLSIG + 28 is used to determine the electron energy distribution function, and calculate the rate coefficients of electron impact reactions as a function of the electron mean energy and the feed gas composition.…”

Section: The Global Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, O( 1 D) + Wall → O has a probability of 1 (Table 3); therefore, α i,k where k denotes O, and i denotes O( 1 D) is equal to 1. It is noted that no secondary electron emissions have been considered in the model, although it is recognized that these can affect the discharge properties depending on the frequency of operation and the input power 30, 31…”

Section: The Global Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Main Species and Physicochemical Processes in Cold Atmospheric‐pressure He + O₂ Plasmas

Liu

Rong

Wang

et al. 2010

Plasma Processes & Polymers

171

152

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The main species and chemical processes in low‐temperature atmospheric‐pressure He + O2 plasmas are identified using a comprehensive global model. The simulation results highlight the significance of Penning processes at low oxygen concentration, and the increasingly important role of electron attachment as the oxygen concentration increases. With increasing the oxygen concentration, the electron energy dissipation shifts from elastic collisions with He to dissociative excitation and attachment of O2 molecules, and large ions (${\rm O}_{3}^{ + } $, ${\rm O}_{4}^{ + } $) become the dominant charged species. Generation and loss of ROS (O, O(1D), O(1S), O2(a1Δg), O2(b1∑ g+), O3) relevant for biomedical applications are discussed.

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“…To evaluate Rayleigh’s ratio directly the radiant intensity of the light scattered from the solution must be determined so that eq (1) may be used. There have been two suggestions for the use of this method [10, 11]. One of these is a particularized solution of the other.…”

Section: Photometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An absolute light scattering photometer: II. Direct determination of scattered light from solutions

McIntyre¹

1964

J. RES. NATL. BUR. STAN. SECT. A.

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The liO"ht scattering photometer r ecently described in this journal by McIntyre a nd Doderer ha~ bee n examined to determ ine its abili ty to m eas ure t he absolute sCl),ttel"ln g. of liq uids. The absolute scat te rin~ of polymer so lu t i ons~vas deter~llled .frmn transrr~l ss l on m eas urements a nd from two d lfI ere nt tra nsverse m easur em ents. lhe ex pell mental results are in good agree me nt. The va ri ables of t he photometric system were a lso .~nal yzed a nd experimentally studi ed to determine Its ab ili ty to meas ure a bsolute scattelln g of li quids under differ ent gco metri cal arra ngements.

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A Design for an Absolute Light-Scattering Photometer

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Reexamining protein–protein and protein–solvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions

Reexamining protein–protein and protein–solvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions

Main Species and Physicochemical Processes in Cold Atmospheric‐pressure He + O₂ Plasmas

An absolute light scattering photometer: II. Direct determination of scattered light from solutions

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A Design for an Absolute Light-Scattering Photometer

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Reexamining protein–protein and protein–solvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions

Reexamining protein–protein and protein–solvent interactions from Kirkwood-Buff analysis of light scattering in multi-component solutions

Main Species and Physicochemical Processes in Cold Atmospheric‐pressure He + O2 Plasmas

An absolute light scattering photometer: II. Direct determination of scattered light from solutions

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Product

Resources

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Main Species and Physicochemical Processes in Cold Atmospheric‐pressure He + O₂ Plasmas