A design equation for human intestinal nematode egg removal in waste stabilization ponds

Ayres, Rachel; Alabaster, Graham; Mara, D. D.; Lee, D.L.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(92)90019-z

Cited by 63 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…Complete removal of the eggs is by sedimentation in waste stabilization ponds (WSP) [8][9][10][11] when a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 20 days has been achieved [9,12,13]. However, actual HRT in WSP is normally lower than the designed HRT, thereby compromising their performance [14][15][16], including the removal of helminth eggs [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Characterization of Particle Size Distribution Spatial Dynamics for Helminth Eggs Detection in Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP)

Izdori

Semiao

Perona

2018

Water

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This study assesses seasonal particle size distribution (PSD) dynamics inside a waste stabilization ponds (WSP) (Buguruni, Tanzania) to understand settling dynamics of wastewater particles with an interest in helminth eggs. Results indicate that particles coming into the pond are mainly supracolloidal and settleables with 52.9% and 45.6%, respectively, in dry season and 48.9% and 49.9%, respectively, in wet season. Inflow PSD is a unimodal distribution that splits into settling and suspended PSDs, with an indication of particle breakage, as shown by the increased volume of smaller particles and hence the appearance of a bimodal distribution for the suspended particles. Up to 61.5% and 45.2% of particles that fall within the size range of helminths eggs are suspended during dry and wet seasons, respectively, with the potential to be carried in the effluent and to cause contamination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empirical Characterization of Particle Size Distribution Spatial Dynamics for Helminth Eggs Detection in Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP)

Izdori

Semiao

Perona

2018

Water

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“…Neste trabalho, uma única lagoa com tempo de detenção hidráulico (TDH) variando entre 23 e 38 dias não conseguiu remover todos os ovos, sendo necessária a série de lagoas de maturação com TDH total variando entre 5,66 a 14,09 dias para produzir um efluente livre de ovos. A Tabela 4 apresenta as eficiências médias das lagoas observadas na remoção de ovos de helmintos e as estimadas, segundo a equação de Ayres et al (1992). A eficiência média estimada da LF foi superior à observada, visto que esta equação foi feita para efluente urbano que apresenta quantidade de ovos bem inferior à encontrada neste trabalho.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…Tabela 4. Eficiências observadas e estimadas segundo Ayres et al (1992) A LM1 apresentou a maior concentração de ovos viáveis, com 1554 ovos viáveis/g MS (matéria seca), e a LM2 a menor, com 98 ovos viáveis/g MS, porém a LM3 foi a que apresentou a maior porcentagem, com 59,8%. O lodo das lagoas apresentou concentrações de ovos viáveis bem acima das recomendadas pela Resolução nº 375/06 do CONAMA para utilização na agricultura, de menos de 0,25 ovos viáveis g -1 ST para classe A e menos de 10 ovos viáveis/g ST para lodo classe B, não atendendo à essas diretrizes.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Emprego de reatores anaeróbios em escala real e lagoas de polimento para remoção de ovos de Ascaris suum de efluente de suinocultura

et al. 2014

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ResumoOs confinamentos de suínos e a disposição inadequada desses dejetos trazem como consequência a contaminação de águas e do solo. Em muitas granjas é comum a aplicação dos dejetos ao solo como forma de fertilização, porém, sem nenhum controle sobre a qualidade do efluente que está sendo lançado. O Ascaris suum é um parasita de suínos que pode infectar humanos, porém não é dada a devida importância à presença deste como contaminante do solo e água. Neste trabalho o efluente de uma suinocultura foi tratado em um sistema composto por reator anaeróbio compartimentado (RAC) e um reator anaeróbio de manta de lodo UASB seguido de lagoas de polimento para remoção de ovos de helmintos. O experimento foi realizado na suinocultura da Fazenda Experimental hélio Barbosa em Igarapé/MG. No afluente foi encontrado valores de ovos de helmintos na faixa de 2.891 a 88.848 ovos L -1 , enquanto o efluente apresentou ausência de ovos, mostrando a alta eficiência do sistema de tratamento. Quanto ao lodo das lagoas, este apresentou elevada concentração de ovos viáveis variando entre 10,1% a 59,8%, fora dos padrões preconizados para a sua utilização na agricultura. Palavras-chave: Contaminação, reuso agrícola, ovos de helmintos AbstractThe swine confinement farms and the improper disposal of their wastes carry result in contamination of water and soil. On many farms is common slurry application to soil as a means of fertilization, but without any control over the quality of the effluent being released. What is a parasite Ascaris suum from pigs can infect humans, but is not given due importance to the presence of this contaminant as soil and water. In this work the effluent of a pig was treated in a system composed of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and a UASB followed by polishing ponds for removal of helminthes eggs. The experiment was conducted at the Hélio Barbosa Experimental Farm pig in the city of Igarapé / MG. Values found in the influent of helminthes eggs in the range from 2891 to 88,848 eggs L-1, while the effluent showed absence of eggs, showing the high efficiency of the treatment system. While the sludge ponds, it showed high concentration of viable eggs ranged from 10.1% to 59.8%, not being in conformity with the requirements for reuse in agriculture.

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“…The major research highlights of the present of WSP are that we now know much more about (a) faecal bacterial removal mechanisms in WSP [34][35][36]; (b) WSP design for helminth egg removal [37]; (c) nitrogen removal pathways and mechanisms in WSP [38"40]; and (d) facultative pond performance in temperate climates [41]. Two other developments stand out: (a) a greatly improved understanding of WSP hydraulics and the resultant ability to design baffles rationally [25,42] -given that baffling has been shown to increase performance so dramatically, I would now consider it wrong not to baffle facultative and maturation ponds; and (b) the use of rock filters to 'polish' facultative pond effluents [43][44][45][46] -this use of rock filters is a significant advance as it means that maturation ponds are no longer always required (in contrast, rock filters are used in the USA to polish maturation pond effluents [47][48][49][50]).…”

Section: Wsp: the Presentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Waste stabilization ponds: Past, present and future

Mara

2009

Desalination and Water Treatment

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A B S T R A C TThe 'past' of waste stabilization ponds (WSP) is due to early experience and design codes in the USA and also to two pioneering researchers, Oswald and Marais. The 'present' of WSP dates from the mid-to-late 1970s and is characterized by large numbers of full-scale systems in France, Germany and the USA. Research expanded greatly in several universities around the world, and much more is now known about pathogen and nitrogen removal in WSP, design procedures, WSP hydraulics and the benefits of baffling, and facultative pond effluent polishing in aerated and unaerated rock filters. Several design manuals, books and reference works have been published. The 'future' of WSP should see many more systems, including wastewater storage and treatment reservoirs, installed in both industrialized and developing countries, with pond/reservoir effluent reuse in aquaculture and agriculture, so making a large contribution to global food production.

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A design equation for human intestinal nematode egg removal in waste stabilization ponds

Cited by 63 publications

References 1 publication

Empirical Characterization of Particle Size Distribution Spatial Dynamics for Helminth Eggs Detection in Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP)

Empirical Characterization of Particle Size Distribution Spatial Dynamics for Helminth Eggs Detection in Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP)

Emprego de reatores anaeróbios em escala real e lagoas de polimento para remoção de ovos de Ascaris suum de efluente de suinocultura

Waste stabilization ponds: Past, present and future

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