The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. A description of patients' age, gender, surgical procedure, opioid/local anesthetic, side effects, treatments, and occurrence of breakthrough pain were recorded using a tool adapted by Bell for a similar study and data were analyzed using the SPSS program.
PLEASE DO NOTData analysis revealed that differences between groups were statistically insignificant regarding age, gender, and surgery type. Occurrence of breakthrough pain and side effects were similar for fentanyl/local anesthetic and morphine. No significant respiratory depression was reported in either group. Nausea and vomiting incidence between groups was similar and seemed related to type of surgery, with a higher incidence in abdominal procedures. Pruritis and urinary retention was equal in both groups. Under-reporting and incomplete documentation, as well as the management of breakthrough pain were found to be problematic. Prospective research, ongoing education of staff and patients, and further development of the anesthesia directed pain management program at this facility is recommended.