A description of Kaposi sarcoma risk factors and outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at a tertiary care medical center from 2005 to 2020

Libson, Karissa; Himed, Sonia; Dunlop, Hayley M.; Nusbaum, Kelsey B.; Korman, Abraham M.; Kaffenberger, Benjamin H.; Trinidad, John

doi:10.1007/s00403-023-02552-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…During the viral replicative phase, IL6 secretion increases, which can induce vascular endothelial growth factor and neoplastic proliferation [ 25 ]. Infections with HHV8 viruses are associated with a disturbance of the regulation of the expression of oncogenic and onco-suppressive genes, favored by immunosuppression and cellular activation during the evolution of HIV [ 9 , 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cellular immune response has been evaluated by recent studies, which have found variable individual responses of CD 4 and CD 8 lymphocytes to a wide variety of viral antigens [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, it is considered that KSHV is the cause of all cases of KS. However, even though KSHV is necessary for KS development, it is considered not sufficient to result in KS, thereby requiring other factors such as immune suppression [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual Localization of AIDS-Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Heterosexual Male during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report

Arbune,

Padurariu-Covit,

Tiutiuca

et al. 2024

TropicalMed

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Kaposi’s sarcoma is an AIDS-defining illness and remains the most frequent tumor arising in HIV-infected patients with multifactorial etiology. We present a case of a 30-year-old Caucasian male with an 18-year history of HIV infection. The patient was presented with a one-week history of fever, non-productive cough, and skin lesions. There was an associated weakness and weight loss in a duration of 6 months. Clinical examination showed fever, generalized lymphadenopathy, lower limb edema, ascites, and violaceous cutaneous eruption comprising patches, plaques, and nodules. He also had a red nodule on the left conjunctiva, as well as on his oral mucosa. His CD4+ count was below 10/mm3 and ARN-HIV viral load was above 100,000 c/mL, in relation to the antiretroviral failure after five drug regimens. The role of co-infections in oncogenesis and the course of Kaposi’s sarcoma were considered in recent studies. Delayed diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma in the present case resulted in a negative impact for this patient during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cellular immune response has been evaluated by recent studies, which have found variable individual responses of CD 4 and CD 8 lymphocytes to a wide variety of viral antigens [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unusual Localization of AIDS-Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Heterosexual Male during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report

Arbune,

Padurariu-Covit,

Tiutiuca

et al. 2024

TropicalMed

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“…In accordance with a European multicohort study from 2017 [ 24 ], we found higher risk in men compared to women, and higher risk in MSM than in heterosexual men. Notably, earlier studies have found increased risk of KS also in MSM without HIV [ 25 , 26 ]. This may reflect a high seroprevalence of HHV-8 among MSM [ 27 ], which has been associated with high-risk sexual behavior and multiple sexual partners [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracutaneous Kaposi sarcoma risk remains higher in people with HIV in the post-ART era: a nation-wide population-based study

Dinh

Malmström

Møller

et al. 2023

Aids

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Objective: To assess Kaposi sarcoma (KS) by HIV-status in Sweden 1983–2017, with particular focus on extracutaneous KS. Design: Population-based study linking the Total Population Registry, the Swedish HIV Registry InfCareHIV, and the Swedish Cancer Registry. Methods: We included all Swedish residents, born in or outside Sweden between 1940 and 2000 (n = 8 587 829), assessing the annual incidence of KS, adjusted hazard ratios (adjHR), and odds ratios (adjOR) in the pre- and post-combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) eras. Results: KS was found in 324 individuals of whom 202 (62%) were people living with HIV (PLHIV). While the incidence of KS decreased in PLHIV, it remained higher compared to HIV-negative at end of follow-up (28 vs. 0.09 per 100 000 person-years, p < 0.001). In the post ART era PLHIV still had an increased risk of both cutaneous (adjHR 616, 95% confidence interval [CI] 410–926) and extracutaneous KS (adjHR 2068, 95% CI 757–5654), compared to HIV-negative individuals, although there were no cases of extracutaneous disease among virally suppressed PLHIV. In the post-ART era, the relative risk for KS remained higher in men, particularly MSM, and viral suppression was associated with lower odds of KS (adjOR 0.05, 95% CI 0.03–0.09). Conclusions: KS remained increased in PLHIV in the post-ART era, with a particularly high risk for extracutaneous disease compared to HIV-negative individuals. Notably, there were no cases of extracutaneous disease among virally suppressed PLHIV, suggesting a less aggressive disease in this population. Further studies on KS in virally suppressed PLHIV are warranted.

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Clinical and Dermoscopic Characteristics of Cutaneous Sarcomas: A Literature Review

et al. 2023

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Under the umbrella of cutaneous sarcomas (CS) we include a heterogeneous group of rare, malignant, mesenchymal neoplasia, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, atypical fibroxanthoma, cutaneous undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, cutaneous angiosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma. Clinical presentation and histopathological examination are the cornerstone of CS diagnosis and classification. There are scarce data in the literature in regards to the clinical and dermatoscopic characteristics of CS and the role of dermatoscopy in their early identification. We performed a literature review, aiming to summarize current data on the clinical and dermatoscopic presentation of the most common types of cutaneous sarcomas that may facilitate early diagnosis and prompt management. Based on the available published data, CS are characterized by mostly unspecific dermatoscopic patterns. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, Kaposi’s sarcoma, and in a lesser degree, cutaneous angiosarcoma, may display distinct dermatoscopic features, facilitating their early clinical recognition. In conclusion, dermatoscopy, in conjunction with the overall clinical context, may aid towards suspicion of CS.

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A description of Kaposi sarcoma risk factors and outcomes in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at a tertiary care medical center from 2005 to 2020

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Unusual Localization of AIDS-Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Heterosexual Male during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report

Unusual Localization of AIDS-Related Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Heterosexual Male during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report

Extracutaneous Kaposi sarcoma risk remains higher in people with HIV in the post-ART era: a nation-wide population-based study

Clinical and Dermoscopic Characteristics of Cutaneous Sarcomas: A Literature Review

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