A derived novel mesoporous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis from Hura creptian-Sesamum indicum-Blighia sapida-Ayo/Ncho oil blend: A case of Brachyura, Achatina fulica and Littorina littorea shells mix

Hydroprocessing of oleic acid for production of jet fuel range hydrocarbons over Sn(1)‐Fe(3)‐Cu(13)/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst: Process parameters optimization, kinetics, and thermodynamic study

“…R 2 (correlation coefficient) is a statistical measure that shows the effectiveness of models in explaining experimental data 36,37 . The outcome of the adjustment of R 2 value to prevent too many terms is known as adjusted R 2 value 38,39 . The reduced cubic acid conversion and reduced quadratic selectivity models given in Tables 4 and 5 have the highest R 2, values showing that they are the most effective models for the prediction of the experimental data presented in Table 3.…”

“…36,37 The outcome of the adjustment of R 2 value to prevent too many terms is known as adjusted R 2 value. 38,39 The reduced cubic acid conversion and reduced quadratic selectivity models given in Tables 4 and 5 have the highest R 2, values showing that they are the most effective models for the prediction of the experimental data presented in Table 3. A difference of less than 0.2 in the adjusted and predicted R 2 shows that there is no challenge of model overfitting.…”

Biomass‐based heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production: A comprehensive review

“…Studies on the use of catalysts in several reaction cycles (3‐10 cycles) without and with reactivation treatment between cycles are summarized in Table 8. Some studies have shown a slight reduction in biodiesel yield up to the fourth or fifth cycle, but it remains close to 90% 56,89,91,92,94,97,105,130 . In other cases, after the third cycle, the catalyst undergoes a substantial reduction of its catalytic activity 62,93,95,98 reflected in a reduction of the reaction yield by more than 10%.…”

“…Clean and dry residue is ground to reduce particle size. Those that pass through a sieve are calcined 51,53,55,56,59,66 …”

“…Most studies report that for the complete conversion of CaCO 3 to CaO, the calcination temperature must be between 800°C and 950°C, with 900°C being the most widely reported optimum calcination temperature 36,51,55‐57,69 . However, some authors report CaO‐based catalysts with adequate catalytic activity and a CaO content higher than 90% using calcination temperatures below 700°C 54,61 …”