A Departure From the Usual Methods in Treating Obesity

Evans, Frank A.; Strang, James M.

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1995.tb00138.x

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The history of VLCDs goes back to 1929 when Evans and Strang (2) published their results of a diet, which is not too different in composition from those used today.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Very‐Low‐Calorie Diets and Sustained Weight Loss

2001

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SARIS, WIM H.M. Very-low-calorie diets and sustained weight loss. Obes Res. 2001;9:295S-301S. Objective: To review of the literature on the topic of verylow-calorie diets (VLCDs) and the long-term weight-maintenance success in the treatment of obesity. Research Methods and Procedures:A literature search of the following keywords: VLCD, long-term weight maintenance, and dietary treatment of obesity. Results: VLCDs and low-calorie diets with an average intake between 400 and 800 kcal do not differ in body weight loss. Nine randomized control trials, including VLCD treatment with long-term weight maintenance, show a large variation in the initial weight loss regain percentage, which ranged from Ϫ7% to 122% at the 1-year follow-up to 26% to 121% at the 5-year follow-up. There is evidence that a greater initial weight loss using VLCDs with an active follow-up weight-maintenance program, including behavior therapy, nutritional education and exercise, improves weight maintenance. Conclusions: VLCD with active follow-up treatment seems to be one of the better treatment modalities related to long-term weight-maintenance success.

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“…The history of VLCDs goes back to 1929 when Evans and Strang (2) published their results of a diet, which is not too different in composition from those used today.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Very‐Low‐Calorie Diets and Sustained Weight Loss

2001

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“…1,2 Very low calorie diets (VLCD) were first reported in 1929 in The American Journal of Medical Science. 3 Despite its long history, the broad use of VLCD has met increasing criticism. Some investigators have postulated VLCD regimens to give a higher loss of fat-free mass (FFM) when compared with conventional low calorie diets 4,5 (FFM includes muscle, bone and internal organs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value of VLCD supplementation with medium chain triglycerides

Krotkiewski

2001

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) are energetically less dense, highly ketogenic, and more easily oxidised than long chain triglycerides (LCT). MCT also differ from LCT in their digestive and metabolic pathways. OBJECTIVE: To test the effects of MCT supplementation during a very low calorie diet (VLCD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three groups of tightly matched obese women with body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg=m 2 received an isoenergetic (578.5 kcal) VLCD (Adinax 1 , Novo Vital, Sweden) enriched with MCT or LCT (8.0 and 9.9 g=100 g Adinax 1 respectively) or a low-fat (3 g=100 g) and high-carbohydrate regimen. The diets were administered over 4 weeks. Body composition was measured with DEXA and appetite=satiety-according to Blundell. Beta hydroxybutyric acid concentration in plasma and nitrogen excretion in urine was measured during consecutive days of VLCD. The study was performed in a randomised double-blind manner. RESULTS: The MCT group showed a significantly greater decrease in body weight during the first 2 weeks. The contribution of body fat to the total weight loss was higher while the contribution of fat-free mass (FFM) was lower. The MCT group had a higher concentration of ketone bodies in plasma and a lower nitrogen excretion in urine. Hunger feelings were less intense while satiety was higher. These differences were observed during the first 2 weeks of treatment and gradually declined during the third and fourth weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Replacement of LCT by MCT in the VLCD increased the rate of decrease of body fat and body weight and has a sparing effect on FFM. The intensity of hunger feelings was lower and paralleled the higher increase of ketone bodies. These effects gradually declined, indicating subsequent metabolic adaptation. Further studies are required to confirm the proteinsparing and appetite-suppressing effects of MCT supplementation during the first 2 weeks of VLCD treatment.

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“…Independent and dependent t tests were used, with signi-ficance accepted at p<0.05. Program compliance was defined as low if participants completed only weeks 1-12, medium (completion of weeks [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] or high (completion of weeks [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Odds ratios were calculated on each obesity class for participants who lost 15% or more of their initial body mass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A common treatment for obesity is a very low energy diet (VLED) and these have been researched since the 1920's [19][20][21][22][23]. Studies utilising VLED's commonly report significant weight loss and improved cardiovascular risk factors [13,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Program compliance, weight loss and health profile changes in WHO obesity classes after very low energy dietary intervention

Wright¹,

Dawson²,

Jalleh³

et al. 2013

Glob Epidemi Obes

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Background: To assess program compliance, weight loss and health benefits in different WHO obesity classes (Class I: BMI 30-34.9; Class II: BMI 35.0-39.9; Class III: BMI 40+) after a very low energy diet intervention. Methods: Obese participants (n=1012) attending a private weight control clinic enrolled in a 26 week program. The first 12 weeks involved restricted energy intake (800 kcal/day), then gradual reintroduction of normal food (1200-1300 kcal/day), in conjunction with behaviour management. Body mass index (BMI), body mass, girths, blood pressure, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were measured before, during and after the 26 week intervention. Low compliance was defined as completing only 1-12 weeks, medium compliance 13-20 weeks and high compliance 21-26 weeks of the program. Results: Overall, 52% of participants achieved high compliance. Greater compliance resulted in greater weight loss and health profile changes across all obesity classes. With high compliance, for Class I, II and III groups respectively, 79, 77 and 79% lost 15% or more of initial body mass. Class III participants had greater reductions in body mass and most measured health markers than Class I and II persons. Conclusion: Higher program compliance is associated with greater weight reduction and health profile benefits in all WHO obesity classes, with larger changes occurring in the Class III group.

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A Departure From the Usual Methods in Treating Obesity

Abstract: The authors claim that in the treatment of obesity no single article of food has any special merit, but that the essential factor is reduction of total caloric intake. In calculating dietary needs for health 3? calories per kilogram of body weight are usually allowed. Most

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Very‐Low‐Calorie Diets and Sustained Weight Loss

Very‐Low‐Calorie Diets and Sustained Weight Loss

Value of VLCD supplementation with medium chain triglycerides

Program compliance, weight loss and health profile changes in WHO obesity classes after very low energy dietary intervention

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