A deoxygenation-switch-based red-emitting fluorogenic light-up probe for the detection of highly toxic free bilirubin in human blood serum

Abstract

A new benzorhodol-based fluorogenic probe with a ‘turn on’ mechanism, having a biofriendly excitation wavelength (580 nm), was used to analyze biologically toxic free bilirubin in aqueous buffer medium.

Efficient detection of bilirubin in human serum through a displacement approach

“…Moreover, BR is detected through spiking methods and does not represent a clinical detection. In the case of “Turn ON” fluorescent organic molecular systems 16,17 (Table S3,† ref. 2 and 3), the redox reaction of Fe 3+ (added in excess) with free bilirubin produces Fe 2+ , which causes deoxgenation of the probe N -oxide to release the fluorescence.…”

“…Moreover, BR is detected through spiking methods and does not represent a clinical detection. In the case of "Turn ON" fluorescent organic molecular systems 16,17 (Table S3, † ref.…”

“…Recently reported coumarin-based N -oxide–Fe 3+ mixtures have revealed “Turn ON” fluorescence in the presence of bilirubin owing to the deoxygenation process by the in situ generated Fe 2+ (ref. 16 and 17) and have been tested and even used for the detection of bilirubin from human serum. In another approach, in non-fluorescent resorcinol-sucrose CDs and Cu 2+ complex, the competitive binding of Cu 2+ with bilirubin released the fluorescence of the CDs.…”

“…Several fluorescence methods, using carbon dots, [6][7][8] metal nanoclusters, 9 MOFs, 10,11 organic molecules, [12][13][14][15][16][17] have been developed for the detection of bilirubin. However, these are limited due to the "Turn OFF" signal and poor sensitivity and dependence on a spiking method for clinical detection.…”

A new metal-free benzorhodol-based photoluminophore selective for carbon monoxide detection applicable in both in vitro and in vivo bioimaging

“…2-(10-Diethylamino-3-oxo-3H-benzo[c]xanthen-7-yl)-benzoic acid (DEB) was synthesized according to our previously reported procedure. 19 2.2.1. DEB-HY.…”