-Information technology deals with tools for handling information, notably computers and networks. It brings benefits such as more efficient and rigorous formulation and expression of ideas, and wider sharing and integration of knowledge. This review should help practicing geoscientists and students to gain a broader understanding of these changes and form a view on future trends.Key Words -Information technology, metainformation.
Defining Information TechnologyGeoscience after IT, published as a book and a special issue of Computers & Geosciences, offers a broad overview of the impact of information technology on the work of geoscientists, seen against the background of evolving global communication on the Internet.Information technology (IT) refers to methods of handling information by automatic means, including computing, telecommunications and office systems. It deals with a wide range of mostly electronic devices for collecting, storing, manipulating, communicating and displaying information. Examples of IT devices are: computer software and hardware, including memory and disk storage; printers; the telephone, cable, broadcasting and computer networks; office copiers; facsimile (fax) machines; DVDs; video cameras; image scanners; televisions and monitors; data loggers and automated instruments in the field and laboratory; sensors on satellite cameras or downhole logging tools; digital surveying equipment.IT applications seldom respect disciplinary boundaries. The focus here is geoscience, centered on geology but inevitably overlapping into such subjects as geophysics, geochemistry, economic geology, engineering geology, and soil science. I occasionally stray into related aspects of environmental science, surveying and geomorphology, but try to steer clear of such topics as hydrology, meteorology or oceanography, which may be parts of the Earth Sciences in the wide sense, but are well covered in their own specialized publications.