A demonstration of appearance and union times of three shoulder ossification centers in adolescent and post-adolescent children

Schaefer, Maureen; Aben, Gerald R.; Vogelsberg, Caitlin

doi:10.1016/j.jofri.2014.12.006

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This finding is more consistent with the Cardoso study results [43]. The most important study of the humeral epiphysis using x-rays was done on a large sample of US living patients [47]. This study reported complete union at the ages of 14 and 16 for males and females, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…We applied a combination of the Schmeling [18] and Kellinghaus [19] staging system, and we found that the minimum age for closure of the epiphyseal union of the proximal humerus is 17.2 for females and 18.6 for males. These results agree with the standards presented for Bosnian males [46][47] but largely disagree with the standards for Americans [47]. These discrepancies can be attributed to differences in ethnicity, nutritional stress, dietary habits, environmental influences, secular changes and the modality used for data acquisition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

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Applicability of T1-weighted MRI in the assessment of forensic age based on the epiphyseal closure of the humeral head

Ekizoğlu¹,

İnci

Örs

et al. 2018

Int J Legal Med

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This work investigates the value of magnetic resonance imaging analysis of proximal epiphyseal fusion in research examining the growth and development of the humerus and its potential utility in establishing forensic age estimation. In this study, 428 proximal humeral epiphyses (patient age, 12-30 years) were evaluated with T1-weighted turbo spin echo (T1 TSE) sequences in coronal oblique orientation on shoulder MRI images. A scoring system was created following a combination of the Schmeling and Kellinghaus methods. Spearman's rank correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between age and ossification stage of the proximal humeral epiphysis (all subjects: rho = 0.664, p < 0.001; males: 0.631, p < 0.001; females: rho = 0.651, p < 0.001). The intra- and inter-observer reliability assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic was κ = 0.898 and κ = 0.828, respectively. The earliest age of epiphysis closure was 17 years for females and 18 years for males. MRI of the proximal humeral epiphysis can be considered advantageous for forensic age estimation of living individuals in a variety of situations, ranging from monitoring public health to estimating the age of illegal immigrants/asylum seekers, minors engaged in criminal activities, and illegal participants in competitive sports, without the danger of radiation exposure.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 77%

Applicability of T1-weighted MRI in the assessment of forensic age based on the epiphyseal closure of the humeral head

Ekizoğlu¹,

İnci

Örs

et al. 2018

Int J Legal Med

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“…Az irodalom áttekintését követően kiválogattuk azokat a csontkormérési módszereket, melyek a legnagyobb eséllyel alkalmazhatók EOS-felvételeken: nyaki csigolya [10], váll [17], kulcscsont [18], első borda [19,38], könyök [15], csípőlapát -Risser 'plus' [20], csípő (medence és proximalis combcsont) [23], combcsontdiaphysis [25], térd [28] és sarokcsont [30] (1/a-e. ábra).…”

Section: Módszerunclassified

Csontkor – a csontrendszeri érettség mérésének lehetősége EOS készülékkel

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Hand and wrist bone age assessment methods cannot be performed when using the recommended patient position within the EOS scanner. Aim: We aimed to assess alternative methods for use with the EOS. Method: After investigating 9 alternatives, five methods were selected – cervical vertebra (Hassel–Farman), iliac crest (Risser ‘plus’), hip (Oxford), knee (O’Connor), calcaneus (Nicholson) – and applied to EOS scans of 114, 2–21-year-old normal individuals. Intraclass correlation coefficient tests for reliability and Spearman correlation with calendar age were assessed. Results: Intra- and interobserver reliabilities were all excellent, except with the knee method (0.865 – ‘good’). Calcaneal and cervical methods were the fastest to apply (mean 17.5 s, 33.4 s per evaluation), however, calcanei were unassessable in 14% of scans (versus 1% of cervical). All methods correlated significantly with calendar age (r>0.829, p<0.05). Difficulties were principally absent (12%) or obscured (23%) landmarks. Conclusion: Bone age assessment is possible with all 5 methods, however, the Hassel–Farman method proved to be easily useable, fast and reliable. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(16): 619–628.

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“…In past anatomical studies of the Lisbon, Coimbra, Bosnian, and McKern skeletal collections, the earliest fusion observed in proximal humeral epiphysis evaluations was reported to occur at an age of 17-19 years in males and 17 years in females [40,41,42,43]. In previous X-ray analysis studies on living individuals in the USA, the youngest age at which fusion was reported to occur was 16 years in males and 14-16 years in females [38,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…One of the least studied epiphyseal areas in the human skeleton is the proximal humeral epiphysis, and only a few studies have investigated the relationship between age and epiphyseal closure [36,37,38,39,40,41,42]. In past anatomical studies of the Lisbon, Coimbra, Bosnian, and McKern skeletal collections, the earliest fusion observed in proximal humeral epiphysis evaluations was reported to occur at an age of 17-19 years in males and 17 years in females [40,41,42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic age diagnostics by magnetic resonance imaging of the proximal humeral epiphysis

Ekizoğlu¹,

İnci

Örs

et al. 2018

Int J Legal Med

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The most commonly used radiological method for age estimation of living individuals is X-ray. Computed tomography is not commonly used due to high radiation exposure, which raises ethical concerns. This problem can be solved with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which avoids the use of ionizing radiation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utility of MRI analysis of the proximal humeral epiphyses for forensic age estimations of living individuals. In this study, 395 left proximal humeral epiphyses (patient age 12-30 years) were evaluated with fast-spinecho proton density-weighted image (FSE PD) sequences in a coronal oblique orientation on shoulder MRI images. A five-stage scoring system was used following the method of Dedouit et al. The intra-and interobserver reliabilities assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic were κ = 0.818 and κ = 0.798, respectively. According to this study, stage five first appeared at 20 and 21 years of age in males and females, respectively. These results are not directly comparable to any other published study due to the lack of MRI data on proximal humeral head development. These findings may provide valuable information for legally important age thresholds using shoulder MRI. The current study demonstrates that MRI of the proximal humerus can support forensic age estimation. Further research is needed to establish a standardized protocol that can be applied worldwide.

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A demonstration of appearance and union times of three shoulder ossification centers in adolescent and post-adolescent children

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Applicability of T1-weighted MRI in the assessment of forensic age based on the epiphyseal closure of the humeral head

Applicability of T1-weighted MRI in the assessment of forensic age based on the epiphyseal closure of the humeral head

Csontkor – a csontrendszeri érettség mérésének lehetősége EOS készülékkel

Forensic age diagnostics by magnetic resonance imaging of the proximal humeral epiphysis

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