A Delphi Study to Identify Corporate Social Responsibility Indicators: The Case of Greek Telecommunication Sector

Abstract

The Telecommunication sector deals with numerous social and operational challenges such as technological development, increased demand for telecommunication services, health concerns and environment protection. The aim of this paper is to identify both general and sector-specific indicators in order to measure the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) performance. The Telecommunication sector has analyzed and identified the main stakeholders that affect and are affected by business operations. Six main stakeholders, namely suppliers, customers, corporate governance, environment, society and human resources and forty three indicators are indentified concentrating on the Greek market with the use of Delphi technique. Additionally, the study presents a specific formula for each indicator so as to measure CSR performance in specific terms. The contribution of the study is to formulate an aggregate CSR index and translate CSR concerns into specific indicators and to recommend a methodology in order to propose indicators applicable to any sector.

Constructing the Corporate Social Responsibility Indicators of Professional Sport Organization

“…Type IV measured the impacts of CSR on stakeholders and financial performance (Inoue, Kent, & Lee, 2011;Walker, Heere, Parent & Drane, 2010;Walker & Kent, 2009;Walters & Tacon, 2010). Finally, type V deliberated measurement of corporate social performance (Duygu, 2009;Giannarakis, Litinas, & Theotokas, 2011;Tsai, Cheng, & Chang, 2012;Wood, 2010). Babiak and Wolfe (2006) analyzed the CSR activities hold by the Super Bowl, found that by doing "good things", sport organizations can not only ease the negative criticism caused by unethical behavior, but enhance their image and reputation.…”

Corporate social responsibility performance in the Greek telecommunication sector

“…For the telecommunication sector, Mudzamir and Norfaiezah (2007) recommend fi ve stakeholders: the environment, welfare or charity, community involvement, products or services, and natural disasters. Giannarakis et al (2011) defi ne the CSR in six domains or stakeholders by analyzing the CSR annual reports of the Greek telecommunication companies. Additionally, the Delphi method was developed so that executives could both recommend CSR indicators and rank the importance of and corporate governance (or CSR).…”

“…Th e fi rst recommends equal weights, whereas the second recommends diff erent weights concerning the relative importance of indicators to society. Giannarakis et al (2010) analyze the results of Giannarakis et al (2011), indicating that there is no agreement regarding the importance of indicators in each stakeholder domain, except customer and human resources. Th e weights used for each domain and sub-domain are presented in Figure 1.…”

“…Th erefore, the most important to companies and society are recommended here. Th e proposed stakeholders of the Giannarakis et al (2011) study are adopted to investigate the CSR reports. Step 3: Identifi cation of value tree Th e value tree for CSR telecommunication companies includes the domain of suppliers, society -which has two sub-domains of corporate citizenship and digital divide -human resources, environment, customers, and corporate governance -with the two sub-domains of report and CSR management.…”

Socially Irresponsible Corporations and Choices of Consumers: Altruism, Retaliation, or Demand for Reparation?

“…Taneja et al (2011) categorized CSR research into five major types. Type one discussed the meaning, definition, and model of CSR (Carroll, 1979(Carroll, , 1999(Carroll, , 2010Dahlsrud, 2008;Van Marrewijk, 2003); type two identified factors determining CSR (Lange & Washburn, 2012;Wu, 2014); type three analyzed actions of CSR (Oberseder, Schlegelmilch, & Murphy, 2013;Babiak & Trendafilova, 2011;Bravo, Matute, & Pina, 2012); type four identified the effects of CSR on stakeholders and financial performance (Chih et al, 2014;Lombart & Louis, 2014;Lu, Chau, Wang, & Pan, 2014;Oberseder et al, 2013); type five explored the measurement tools of corporate social performance (Giannarakis, Litinas, & Theotokas, 2011;Turker, 2009;Wood, 2010;Wagner, Bicen, & Hall, 2008). Extensive research has been conducted on CSR; however, little research has addressed the concerns of CSR (i.e., CSiR), which is a major gap in consumer behavior research.…”