A Delayed Morning and Earlier Evening Time-Restricted Feeding Protocol for Improving Glycemic Control and Dietary Adherence in Men with Overweight/Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Parr, Evelyn B.; Devlin, Brooke L.; Radford, Bridget E; Hawley, John A.

doi:10.3390/nu12020505

Cited by 118 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Here, we interrogated the skeletal muscle transcriptome, and serum and skeletal muscle metabolome of men with overweight/obesity, to determine how restricting the window of food intake (from 15 to 8 h day −1 ) confers some of the metabolic health benefits that have been reported after TRF 8,12 . In this cohort, short-term TRF reduced nocturnal glucose levels and improved insulin profiles throughout the day 15 . Serial sampling of serum and skeletal muscle over a 24-h period provides a comparative analysis of the diurnal metabolome in serum versus skeletal muscle in humans and is critical to decipher those circulating metabolites that constitute specific metabolic signatures of differential nutritional challenges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression

et al. 2020

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Time-restricted feeding (TRF) improves metabolism independent of dietary macronutrient composition or energy restriction. To elucidate mechanisms underpinning the effects of short-term TRF, we investigated skeletal muscle and serum metabolic and transcriptomic profiles from 11 men with overweight/obesity after TRF (8 h day−1) and extended feeding (EXF, 15 h day−1) in a randomised cross-over design (trial registration: ACTRN12617000165381). Here we show that muscle core clock gene expression was similar after both interventions. TRF increases the amplitude of oscillating muscle transcripts, but not muscle or serum metabolites. In muscle, TRF induces rhythmicity of several amino acid transporter genes and metabolites. In serum, lipids are the largest class of periodic metabolites, while the majority of phase-shifted metabolites are amino acid related. In conclusion, short-term TRF in overweight men affects the rhythmicity of serum and muscle metabolites and regulates the rhythmicity of genes controlling amino acid transport, without perturbing core clock gene expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Sample size was choosen based on previous published research 14,31 . Clinical characteristics of the study participants have been previously reported 15 . First enrollment of participants was on 30/01/2017, and trial was completed by 22/06/2017.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression

et al. 2020

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“…Energy consumption after 19:00 h contributed to the majority of the non-adherent occasions (63%), corresponding to the largest energy intake period over a day [3,33]. In men with overweight/obesity, consuming an earlier dinner (17:00 vs. 21:00 h) induced greater peak insulin concentration and a trend for lower glucose incremental area under the curve in previous research [44]. As there is evidence that eating even earlier (by 15:00 h) can improve ß-cell function and 24-h glucose concentrations [7,8], TRE may be a useful strategy to limit end of day eating and post-dinner snacking of discretionary foods (e.g., ice cream and chocolate) and alcohol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…While various measures of glycaemic control have been improved in previous ad libitum and energy-matched TRE interventions of varying durations (4 days to 12 weeks), all previous investigations have been in those with normal or impaired glucose tolerance [4,5,[7][8][9]27,44,48]. Individuals with T2D have altered circadian patterns of glucose regulation [17,49], with greatest impairments to glucose tolerance in the morning compared to the evening in those with normal or impaired glucose tolerance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semi-structured interviews consisting of 13 open-ended questions were conducted by one researcher (EBP) to gain insight and understanding of the attitudes of participants after the 4-weeks TRE intervention period. The questions within the interviews were developed based on a previous intervention ( [44]; see Supplementary Material: Qualitative Interview Questions). Written and recorded responses were collated and analysed by one researcher (CG).…”

Section: Qualitative Interviews and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

et al. 2020

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Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) require a long-term dietary strategy for blood glucose management and may benefit from time-restricted eating (TRE, where the duration between the first and last energy intake is restricted to 8–10 h/day). We aimed to determine the feasibility of TRE for individuals with T2D. Participants with T2D (HbA1c >6.5 to <9%, eating window >12 h/day) were recruited to a pre-post, non-randomised intervention consisting of a 2-week Habitual period to establish baseline dietary intake, followed by a 4-weeks TRE intervention during which they were instructed to limit all eating occasions to between 10:00 and 19:00 h on as many days of each week as possible. Recruitment, retention, acceptability, and safety were recorded throughout the study as indicators of feasibility. Dietary intake, glycaemic control, psychological well-being, acceptability, cognitive outcomes, and physiological measures were explored as secondary outcomes. From 594 interested persons, and 27 eligible individuals, 24 participants enrolled and 19 participants (mean ± SD; age: 50 ± 9 years, BMI: 34 ± 5 kg/m2, HbA1c: 7.6 ± 1.1%) completed the 6-week study. Overall daily dietary intake did not change between Habitual (~8400 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 41% fat, 1% alcohol) and TRE periods (~8500 kJ/d; 35% carbohydrate, 19% protein, 42% fat, 1% alcohol). Compliance to the 9 h TRE period was 72 ± 24% of 28 days (i.e., ~5 days/week), with varied adherence (range: 4–100%). Comparisons of adherent vs. non-adherent TRE days showed that adherence to the 9-h TRE window reduced daily energy intake through lower absolute carbohydrate and alcohol intakes. Overall, TRE did not significantly improve measures of glycaemic control (HbA1c −0.2 ± 0.4%; p = 0.053) or reduce body mass. TRE did not impair or improve psychological well-being, with variable effects on cognitive function. Participants described hunger, daily stressors, and emotions as the main barriers to adherence. We demonstrate that 4-weeks of TRE is feasible and achievable for these individuals with T2D to adhere to for at least 5 days/week. The degree of adherence to TRE strongly influenced daily energy intake. Future trials may benefit from supporting participants to incorporate TRE in regular daily life and to overcome barriers to adherence.

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Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCEIt is unclear how effective intermittent fasting is for losing weight and body fat, and the effects may depend on the timing of the eating window. This randomized trial compared time-restricted eating (TRE) with eating over a period of 12 or more hours while matching weight-loss counseling across groups.OBJECTIVE To determine whether practicing TRE by eating early in the day (eTRE) is more effective for weight loss, fat loss, and cardiometabolic health than eating over a period of 12 or more hours. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThe study was a 14-week, parallel-arm, randomized clinical trial conducted between August 2018 and April 2020. Participants were adults aged 25 to 75 years with obesity and who received weight-loss treatment through the Weight Loss Medicine Clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital.INTERVENTIONS All participants received weight-loss treatment (energy restriction [ER]) and were randomized to eTRE plus ER (8-hour eating window from 7:00 to 15:00) or control eating (CON) plus ER (Ն12-hour window). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe co-primary outcomes were weight loss and fat loss. Secondary outcomes included blood pressure, heart rate, glucose levels, insulin levels, and plasma lipid levels.RESULTS Ninety participants were enrolled (mean [SD] body mass index, 39.6 [6.7]; age, 43 [11] years; 72 [80%] female). The eTRE+ER group adhered 6.0 (0.8) days per week. The eTRE+ER intervention was more effective for losing weight (−2.3 kg; 95% CI, −3.7 to −0.9 kg; P = .002) but did not affect body fat (−1.4 kg; 95% CI, −2.9 to 0.2 kg; P = .09) or the ratio of fat loss to weight loss (−4.2%; 95% CI, −14.9 to 6.5%; P = .43). The effects of eTRE+ER were equivalent to reducing calorie intake by an additional 214 kcal/d. The eTRE+ER intervention also improved diastolic blood pressure (−4 mm Hg; 95% CI, −8 to 0 mm Hg; P = .04) and mood disturbances, including fatigue-inertia, vigor-activity, and depression-dejection. All other cardiometabolic risk factors, food intake, physical activity, and sleep outcomes were similar between groups. In a secondary analysis of 59 completers, eTRE+ER was also more effective for losing body fat and trunk fat than CON+ER. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this randomized clinical trial, eTRE was more effective for losing weight and improving diastolic blood pressure and mood than eating over a window of 12 or more hours at 14 weeks.TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03459703

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A Delayed Morning and Earlier Evening Time-Restricted Feeding Protocol for Improving Glycemic Control and Dietary Adherence in Men with Overweight/Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 118 publications

References 36 publications

Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression

Time-restricted feeding alters lipid and amino acid metabolite rhythmicity without perturbing clock gene expression

Time-Restricted Eating as a Nutrition Strategy for Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: A Feasibility Study

Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity

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