“…Remedial theorists, like Buchanan himself and Wayne Norman, attribute a right to secede to groups that have been subject to a deeply unjust state (Buchanan, 1991a; Norman, 1998). Associationist theories hold that any group (that is, any association of people) that wishes to secede may secede, subject to only a few limitations, like Andrew Altman and Christopher Heath Wellman's stipulation that both the secessionists and the remaining state (the “rump state”) must be able to adequately protect human rights (Altman & Wellman, 2009, p. 51; Angell & Huseby, 2020; Beran, 1984; Lefkowitz, 2008; Tideman, 2004; Vaca & Artiga, 2021; Wellman, 2005). According to ascriptivist views, groups with certain ascriptive characteristics (invariably, the characteristics that constitute nationhood) have a right to secede (Margalit & Raz, 1990; Miller, 1995, ch.…”