A deeper look into natural sciences with physics-based and data-driven measures

Rodrigues, Davi R.; Everschor-Sitte, Karin; Gerber, Susanne; Horenko, Illia

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102171

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…This highlights that the energy landscape contains distinct minima but virtually no highly repulsive maxima. Since the pinning positions are featured at different temperature and out-of-plane field values, we deduce the behavior to be based on local variations in the materials parameters 26 , 47 , 48 originating from the thin film growth process. As shown in our previous work on such samples, the observed pinning sites in this sample are weak enough so that driving skyrmions by spin-orbit torques is able to overcome the pinning and move skyrmions 14 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skyrmion pinning energetics in thin film systems

et al. 2022

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A key issue for skyrmion dynamics and devices are pinning effects present in real systems. While posing a challenge for the realization of conventional skyrmionics devices, exploiting pinning effects can enable non-conventional computing approaches if the details of the pinning in real samples are quantified and understood. We demonstrate that using thermal skyrmion dynamics, we can characterize the pinning of a sample and we ascertain the spatially resolved energy landscape. To understand the mechanism of the pinning, we probe the strong skyrmion size and shape dependence of the pinning. Magnetic microscopy imaging demonstrates that in contrast to findings in previous investigations, for large skyrmions the pinning originates at the skyrmion boundary and not at its core. The boundary pinning is strongly influenced by the very complex pinning energy landscape that goes beyond the conventional effective rigid quasi-particle description. This gives rise to complex skyrmion shape distortions and allows for dynamic switching of pinning sites and flexible tuning of the pinning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skyrmion pinning energetics in thin film systems

et al. 2022

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“…This is the main idea behind the dependency measures proposed in this section. The intuition is similar to the notion of the predictability of a stochastic model introduced in [33].…”

Section: Quantification Of Dependencies Between Variablesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Measuring Dependencies between Variables of a Dynamical System Using Fuzzy Affiliations

Wulkow

2022

AppliedMath

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A statistical, data-driven method is presented that quantifies influences between variables of a dynamical system. The method is based on finding a suitable representation of points by fuzzy affiliations with respect to landmark points using the Scalable Probabilistic Approximation algorithm. This is followed by the construction of a linear mapping between these affiliations for different variables and forward in time. This linear mapping, or matrix, can be directly interpreted in light of unidirectional dependencies, and relevant properties of it are quantified. These quantifications, given by the sum of singular values and the average row variance of the matrix, then serve as measures for the influences between variables of the dynamics. The validity of the method is demonstrated with theoretical results and on several numerical examples, covering deterministic, stochastic, and delayed types of dynamics. Moreover, the method is applied to a non-classical example given by real-world basketball player movement, which exhibits highly random movement and comes without a physical intuition, contrary to many examples from, e.g., life sciences.

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“…The field of computing with dynamic systems is steadily growing with many proposals to address the challenges, ranging from the development of novel computational algorithms [102,107,110,111] to efficient manufacturing techniques. The main goal is to develop an efficient algorithm-and-hardware codesign to fully exploit dynamical features assisted by state-of-the-art nanotechnologies.…”

Section: Advances In Science and Technology To Meet Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap for unconventional computing with nanotechnology

Finocchio,

Incorvia,

Friedman

et al. 2024

Nano Futures

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In the “Beyond Moore’s Law” era, with increasing edge intelligence, domain-specific computing embracing unconventional approaches will become increasingly prevalent. At the same time, the adoption of a wide variety of nanotechnologies will offer benefits in energy cost, computational speed, reduced footprint, cyber-resilience and processing prowess. The time is ripe to lay out a roadmap for unconventional computing with nanotechnologies to guide future research and this collection aims to fulfill that need. The authors provide a comprehensive roadmap for neuromorphic computing with electron spins, memristive devices, two-dimensional nanomaterials, nanomagnets and assorted dynamical systems. They also address other paradigms such as Ising machines, Bayesian inference engines, probabilistic computing with p-bits, processing in memory, quantum memories and algorithms, computing with skyrmions and spin waves, and brain inspired computing for incremental learning and solving problems in severely resource constrained environments. All of these approaches have advantages over conventional Boolean computing predicated on the von-Neumann architecture. With the computational need for artificial intelligence growing at a rate 50×faster than Moore’s law for electronics, more unconventional approaches to computing and signal processing will appear on the horizon and this roadmap will aid in identifying future needs and challenges.

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A deeper look into natural sciences with physics-based and data-driven measures

Cited by 6 publications

References 83 publications

Skyrmion pinning energetics in thin film systems

Skyrmion pinning energetics in thin film systems

Measuring Dependencies between Variables of a Dynamical System Using Fuzzy Affiliations

Roadmap for unconventional computing with nanotechnology

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