A deep sleep stage in
            <i>Drosophila</i>
            with a functional role in waste clearance

Alphen, Bart van; Semenza, Evan R.; Yap, Melvyn; Swinderen, Bruno van; Allada, Ravi

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc2999

Cited by 53 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 48 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Further, changes in sleep are correlated with infection [ 71 ], oxidative stress [ 56 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], and low nutrient availability [ 75 ] suggesting that sleep may provide a protective mechanism against stress. Sleep has been shown to clear harmful metabolites and ROS from glial and hemolymph cells thereby preventing cellular damage and disease such as Alzheimer’s [ 74 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Additionally, because the metabolic demands are less on the brain during sleep, sleep may be key in replenishing neuronal energy stores [ 74 , 79 ] thereby preventing age-related cognitive decline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Stress Responses in a Drosophila Model of Werner Syndrome

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As organisms age, their resistance to stress decreases while their risk of disease increases. This can be shown in patients with Werner syndrome (WS), which is a genetic disease characterized by accelerated aging along with increased risk of cancer and metabolic disease. WS is caused by mutations in WRN, a gene involved in DNA replication and repair. Recent research has shown that WRN mutations contribute to multiple hallmarks of aging including genomic instability, telomere attrition, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, questions remain regarding the onset and effect of stress on early aging. We used a fly model of WS (WRNexoΔ) to investigate stress response during different life stages and found that stress sensitivity varies according to age and stressor. While larvae and young WRNexoΔ adults are not sensitive to exogenous oxidative stress, high antioxidant activity suggests high levels of endogenous oxidative stress. WRNexoΔ adults are sensitive to stress caused by elevated temperature and starvation suggesting abnormalities in energy storage and a possible link to metabolic dysfunction in WS patients. We also observed higher levels of sleep in aged WRNexoΔ adults suggesting an additional adaptive mechanism to protect against age-related stress. We suggest that stress response in WRNexoΔ is multifaceted and evokes a systemic physiological response to protect against cellular damage. These data further validate WRNexoΔ flies as a WS model with which to study mechanisms of early aging and provide a foundation for development of treatments for WS and similar diseases.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Stress Responses in a Drosophila Model of Werner Syndrome

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…If the mounting period is not long, the effects of energy depletion due to restraint-induced struggle may not be significant, however for assays where recording for longer than a few minutes is necessary, confounding effects are possible. In some assays, mounting time can be as long as 12–24 h 2 , 72 , 73 , and because we show the effect is constant for a minimum of 10 h, careful attention should be paid to mitigate this nonspecific variable, especially in these assays.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Excessive energy expenditure due to acute physical restraint disrupts Drosophila motivational feeding response

Gordon

Mašek

2021

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To study the behavior of Drosophila, it is often necessary to restrain and mount individual flies. This requires removal from food, additional handling, anesthesia, and physical restraint. We find a strong positive correlation between the length of time flies are mounted and their subsequent reflexive feeding response, where one hour of mounting is the approximate motivational equivalent to ten hours of fasting. In an attempt to explain this correlation, we rule out anesthesia side-effects, handling, additional fasting, and desiccation. We use respirometric and metabolic techniques coupled with behavioral video scoring to assess energy expenditure in mounted and free flies. We isolate a specific behavior capable of exerting large amounts of energy in mounted flies and identify it as an attempt to escape from restraint. We present a model where physical restraint leads to elevated activity and subsequent faster nutrient storage depletion among mounted flies. This ultimately further accelerates starvation and thus increases reflexive feeding response. In addition, we show that the consequences of the physical restraint profoundly alter aerobic activity, energy depletion, taste, and feeding behavior, and suggest that careful consideration is given to the time-sensitive nature of these highly significant effects when conducting behavioral, physiological or imaging experiments that require immobilization.

show abstract

“…Distinct postural differences exist between putative sleep-like and active (awake) states in multiple mosquito species Sleep states induce a behavioral quiescence typically associated with an animal-specific stereotypical posture. [31][32][33][34] In Ae. aegypti we previously showed that prolonged immobilization was associated with a prostrate state where the hind legs are lowered and the thorax and abdomen brought closer to the substrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and postural analyses establish sleep-like states for mosquitoes that can impact host landing and blood feeding

Ajayi

Marlman

Gleitz

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved process that has been described in different animal systems. For insects, sleep characterization has been primarily achieved using behavioral and electrophysiological correlates in a few systems. Sleep in mosquitoes, which are important vectors of disease-causing pathogens, has not been directly examined. This is surprising as circadian rhythms, which have been well studied in mosquitoes, influence sleep in other systems. In this study, we characterized sleep in mosquitoes using body posture analysis and behavioral correlates, and quantified the effect of sleep deprivation on sleep rebound and host landing. Body and appendage position metrics revealed a clear distinction between the posture of mosquitoes in their putative sleep and awake states for multiple species, which correlates with a reduction in responsiveness to host cues. Sleep assessment informed by these posture analyses indicated significantly more sleep during periods of low activity. Nighttime and daytime sleep deprivation resulting from the delivery of vibration stimuli induced sleep rebound in the subsequent phase in day and night active mosquitoes, respectively. Lastly, sleep deprivation suppressed host landing in both laboratory and field settings when mosquitoes would normally be active. These results suggest that quantifiable sleep states occur in mosquitoes, and highlight the potential epidemiological importance of mosquito sleep.

show abstract

A deep sleep stage in Drosophila with a functional role in waste clearance

Cited by 53 publications

References 48 publications

Characterization of Stress Responses in a Drosophila Model of Werner Syndrome

Characterization of Stress Responses in a Drosophila Model of Werner Syndrome

Excessive energy expenditure due to acute physical restraint disrupts Drosophila motivational feeding response

Behavioral and postural analyses establish sleep-like states for mosquitoes that can impact host landing and blood feeding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About