“…A less rigid alternative is to use zonal techniques with adjustable stiffness/noise suppression, using, e.g., radial basis functions (Lowitzsch et al, 2005;Ettl et al, 2008;Huang and Asundi, 2013;Alinoori et al, 2016) or splines (Ettl et al, 2007;Olesch, 2007;Huang et al, 2017;Pant et al, 2018;Liu et al, 2022). An interesting new variety of this approach is emerging through the use of custom deeplearning network architectures utilizing information at multiple scales (Wu et al, 2021;Dou et al, 2022;Ma et al, 2022).…”