A Deep Learning Approach for Sentiment and Emotional Analysis of Lebanese Arabizi Twitter Data

Toxic language detection: A systematic review of Arabic datasets

“…While texts in Latin letters are usually discarded when building Arabic datasets, we have found in our collection datasets that comprise Arabizi (Alakrot et al, 2018;Boucherit & Abainia, 2022;Mazari & Kheddar, 2023;Mohdeb et al, 2022;Röttger et al, 2022) or are entirely written in this script (Abainia, 2020;Bensalem et al, 2023;Raïdy & Harmanani, 2023). Arabizi is a written form of informal Arabic that uses only Latin letters and numbers (see the references labelled with the superscript rbz in Table 9).…”

“…as (Abainia, 2020;Alsafari et al, 2020;Boucherit & Abainia, 2022;Mubarak et al, 2021;Shannag et al, 2022). Furthermore, some datasets were annotated by their respective authors (Alshehri et al, 2020;Badri et al, 2022;Khairy et al, 2022), while for others, no information was provided regarding the criteria used for selecting the annotators (Alam et al, 2022;De Smedt et al, 2018;Mohdeb et al, 2022;Obeidat et al, 2022;Raïdy & Harmanani, 2023).…”

“…Some studies chose to delete the cases where one or more annotators failed to select a label (Alakrot et al, 2018;Albadi et al, 2018;Shannag et al, 2022). Others excluded the cases with different labels (Haddad et al, 2019;Mulki et al, 2019;Mulki & Ghanem, 2021b;Raïdy & Harmanani, 2023).…”