A decreased abundance of clostridia characterizes the gut microbiota in eosinophilic esophagitis

Kashyap, Purna C.; Johnson, Stephen; Geno, Debra M.; Lekatz, Heather; Lavey, Crystal; Alexander, Jeffrey A.; Chen, Jun; Katzka, David A.

doi:10.14814/phy2.14261

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Of note, dietary fiber intake seems to be associated with a distinct esophageal microbiome [ 258 ] and butyrate-producing bacteria were identified in the human esophagus in EoE [ 253 ]. However, reports on altered gut microbiota associated with eosinophilic esophagitis are still rare [ 259 ]. Thus far, little is known about the impact of SCFAs in eosinophilic esophagitis patients, but a recent investigation revealed that the short chain fatty acid receptor FFA3 is highly expressed in T H 2 cells in EoE.…”

Section: Short Chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of Eosinophilia-Associated Diseases

Sturm

Knuplez

Marsche

2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Eosinophils are key components of our host defense and potent effectors in allergic and inflammatory diseases. Once recruited to the inflammatory site, eosinophils release their cytotoxic granule proteins as well as cytokines and lipid mediators, contributing to parasite clearance but also to exacerbation of inflammation and tissue damage. However, eosinophils have recently been shown to play an important homeostatic role in different tissues under steady state. Despite the tremendous progress in the treatment of eosinophilic disorders with the implementation of biologics, there is an unmet need for novel therapies that specifically target the cytotoxic effector functions of eosinophils without completely depleting this multifunctional immune cell type. Recent studies have uncovered several endogenous molecules that decrease eosinophil migration and activation. These include short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate, which are produced in large quantities in the gastrointestinal tract by commensal bacteria and enter the systemic circulation. In addition, high-density lipoprotein-associated anti-inflammatory apolipoproteins have recently been shown to attenuate eosinophil migration and activation. Here, we focus on the anti-pathogenic properties of SCFAs and apolipoproteins on eosinophil effector function and provide insights into the potential use of SCFAs and apolipoproteins (and their mimetics) as effective agents to combat eosinophilic inflammation.

show abstract

Section: Short Chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of Eosinophilia-Associated Diseases

Sturm

Knuplez

Marsche

2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In patients with longitudinal samples available, dietary interventions did not lead to global microbiome changes, though some food re-introductions led to enrichment in Granulicatella and Campylobacter genera. More recently, there has also been an investigation of the stool microbiome [49], as well as a study of the salivary microbiome [50], in EoE. There is strong rationale for the role of the microbiome in EoE.…”

Section: Caulobacterales P Equals 000523mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of association of the esophageal microbiome in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis compared with non-EoE controls

Johnson

Dellon

McCoy

et al. 2021

JGLD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims: Changes in the esophageal microbiome have been reported in children with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), but few data exist for adults. We aimed to determine whether the esophageal microbiome differs in adults with and without EoE. Methods: In a prospective cohort study, adults undergoing outpatient endoscopy were enrolled as incident EoE cases or non-EoE controls. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were collected. An esophageal biopsy was utilized for microbiome analysis. Bacterial DNA was extracted and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced. Analyses were performed comparing microbiome features for cases and controls, and within cases for disease features, with correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Results: A total of 24 incident EoE cases (mean age 40 years; 63% male; 100% white; 97 eos/hpf) and 25 controls (mean age 48, 36% male; 76% white; 1 eos/hpf) were analyzed. Principal coordinate analysis ordination failed to distinguish cases from controls. There were no microbiome differences within EoE cases based on clinical phenotype, presence of atopy, or endoscopic features. Use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), however, was significantly associated with 5 taxa including SR1 at the phylum level and Burkholderia at the genus level. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the esophageal microbiome between newly diagnosed EoE cases and non-EoE controls in adults, or within EoE cases based on clinical features. However, given the strong rationale for the esophageal microbiome in EoE pathogenesis, future studies should explicitly consider the presence of PPIs as a confounding feature.

show abstract

“…in active EoE[ 131 ]. Notably, there was also a decrease in specific taxa of Clostridia that had been observed in patients with active EoE[ 132 ]. In antibiotic treated mice, the addition of Clostridia-containing microbiota prevents sensitization to a specific food allergen.…”

Section: Dysbiosis In Disease Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of esophageal mucosal disease: A paradigm shift from acid to bacteria?

D’Souza¹,

Houston²,

Keenan³

et al. 2021

WJG

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Genomic sequencing, bioinformatics, and initial speciation ( e.g. , relative abundance) of the commensal microbiome have revolutionized the way we think about the “human” body in health and disease. The interactions between the gut bacteria and the immune system of the host play a key role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases, including those impacting the esophagus. Although relatively stable, there are a number of factors that may disrupt the delicate balance between the luminal esophageal microbiome (EM) and the host. These changes are thought to be a product of age, diet, antibiotic and other medication use, oral hygiene, smoking, and/or expression of antibiotic products (bacteriocins) by other flora. These effects may lead to persistent dysbiosis which in turn increases the risk of local inflammation, systemic inflammation, and ultimately disease progression. Research has suggested that the etiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease-related esophagitis includes a cytokine-mediated inflammatory component and is, therefore, not merely the result of esophageal mucosal exposure to corrosives ( i.e. , acid). Emerging evidence also suggests that the EM plays a major role in the pathogenesis of disease by inciting an immunogenic response which ultimately propagates the inflammatory cascade. Here, we discuss the potential role for manipulating the EM as a therapeutic option for treating the root cause of various esophageal disease rather than just providing symptomatic relief ( i.e. , acid suppression).

show abstract

A decreased abundance of clostridia characterizes the gut microbiota in eosinophilic esophagitis

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of Eosinophilia-Associated Diseases

Role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Regulation of Eosinophilia-Associated Diseases

Lack of association of the esophageal microbiome in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis compared with non-EoE controls

Role of microbial dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of esophageal mucosal disease: A paradigm shift from acid to bacteria?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About