A Decade of Lessons Learned from the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake

Uchida, Naoki; Bürgmann, Roland

doi:10.1029/2020rg000713

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 275 publications

(580 reference statements)

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“…Hereafter, we refer to the regions from 39 to 41° N (Iwate-Aomori-Oki), 37-39° N (Fukushima-Miyagi-Oki), 34-37° N (Boso-Ibaraki-Oki) as the northern, central, and southern Japan Trench, respectively. Because this review paper focuses on slow earthquakes along the Japan Trench, readers who are interested in the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and associated phenomena rather than slow earthquakes are referred to other review papers (Lay 2018;Kodaira et al 2020Kodaira et al , 2021Uchida and Bürgmann 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on slow earthquakes in the Japan Trench

Nishikawa

Ide

Nishimura

2023

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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Slow earthquakes are episodic slow fault slips. They form a fundamental component of interplate deformation processes, along with fast, regular earthquakes. Recent seismological and geodetic observations have revealed detailed slow earthquake activity along the Japan Trench—the subduction zone where the March 11, 2011, moment magnitude (Mw) 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake occurred. In this paper, we review observational, experimental, and simulation studies on slow earthquakes along the Japan Trench and their research history. By compiling the observations of slow earthquakes (e.g., tectonic tremors, very-low-frequency earthquakes, and slow slip events) and related fault slip phenomena (e.g., small repeating earthquakes, earthquake swarms, and foreshocks of large interplate earthquakes), we present an integrated slow earthquake distribution along the Japan Trench. Slow and megathrust earthquakes are spatially complementary in distribution, and slow earthquakes sometimes trigger fast earthquakes in their vicinities. An approximately 200-km-long along-strike gap of seismic slow earthquakes (i.e., tectonic tremors and very-low-frequency earthquakes) corresponds with the huge interplate locked zone of the central Japan Trench. The Mw 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake ruptured this locked zone, but the rupture terminated without propagating deep into the slow-earthquake-genic regions in the northern and southern Japan Trench. Slow earthquakes are involved in both the rupture initiation and termination processes of megathrust earthquakes in the Japan Trench. We then compared the integrated slow earthquake distribution with the crustal structure of the Japan Trench (e.g., interplate sedimentary units, subducting seamounts, petit-spot volcanoes, horst and graben structures, residual gravity, seismic velocity structure, and plate boundary reflection intensity) and described the geological environment of the slow-earthquake-genic regions (e.g., water sources, pressure–temperature conditions, and metamorphism). The integrated slow earthquake distribution enabled us to comprehensively discuss the role of slow earthquakes in the occurrence process of the Tohoku-Oki earthquake. The correspondences of the slow earthquake distribution with the crustal structure and geological environment provide insights into the slow-earthquake-genesis in the Japan Trench and imply that highly overpressured fluids are key to understanding the complex slow earthquake distribution. Furthermore, we propose that detailed monitoring of slow earthquake activity can improve the forecasts of interplate seismicity along the Japan Trench.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on slow earthquakes in the Japan Trench

Nishikawa

Ide

Nishimura

2023

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…However, the estimated result of each source parameter (length, width, rake, and slip) shown in Table 5 was reasonable according to the 2011 Tohoku Oki earthquake's source model described and analyzed in previous research [40][41][42]. Some fault plane models analyzed in previous research ranged from 600 to 812 km in length and from 109 to 240 km in width [41,42], while the results estimated in this study used 668 km for the length parameter and 234 km for the width parameter in the third fault model tested. The range of estimated width parameter values that resulted from this study was between 153 to 234 km.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Rapid Estimation of Earthquake Magnitude and Source Parameters Using Genetic Algorithms

et al. 2021

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To minimize the impacts of large losses and optimize the emergency response when a large earthquake occurs, an accurate early warning of an earthquake or tsunami is crucial. One important parameter that can provide an accurate early warning is the earthquake’s magnitude. This study proposes a method for estimating the magnitude, and some of the source parameters, of an earthquake using genetic algorithms (GAs). In this study, GAs were used to perform an inversion of Okada’s model from earthquake displacement data. In the first stage of the experiment, the GA was used to inverse the displacement calculated from the forward calculation in Okada’s model. The best performance of the GA was obtained by tuning the hyperparameters to obtain the most functional configuration. In the second stage, the inversion method was tested on GPS time series data from the 2011 Tohoku Oki earthquake. The earthquake’s displacement was first estimated from GPS time series data using a detection and estimation formula from previous research to calculate the permanent displacement value. The proposed method can estimate an earthquake’s magnitude and four source parameters (i.e., length, width, rake, and slip) close to the real values with reasonable accuracy.

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“…However, a huge portion of faults generate low seismicity rate during the interseismic period because of a high locking ratio (e.g. Bletery et al, 2020;Chamberlain et al, 2021;Uchida and Bürgmann, 2021;Zhou et al, 2022b), and these faults are manuscript submitted to Geophysical Research Letters also prone to large earthquakes (Sykes, 2021;Lay and Nishenko, 2022). To study the strongly locked faults, a long-term observation is always necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of Long-term Seismic Catalog with Deep Learning and Characterization of Preseismic Fault Behavior in the Ridgecrest-Coso Region (2008-2019)

Zhou

Ghosh

Fang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Long-term seismicity is an effective tool to infer fault properties at depth, but the catalog construction is challenging because of the large data volume. We propose a new deep learning-based workflow that follows a “Train-Detect-Pick” procedure, which solves the generalization problem in AI pickers. We apply the new workflow on the preseismic phase (2008-2019) of Ridgecrest-Coso region. Results show that the new workflow realizes efficient and stable detection, and well substitutes matched filter. Our new catalog helps characterize the preseismic fault behavior: (1) the Ridgecrest area has a distributed deformation, and the 2019-ruptured segment has a persistent asperity; (2) the central Garlock fault is unfavorable for rupture propagation, because of its discontinuous geometry and low coupling ratio; (3) the Coso geothermal field generates intense and shallow seismicity, which has a high b-value that does not correlate with seismicity rate and industrial production, thus suggest a low stress level.

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A Decade of Lessons Learned from the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake

Cited by 50 publications

References 275 publications

A review on slow earthquakes in the Japan Trench

A review on slow earthquakes in the Japan Trench

Rapid Estimation of Earthquake Magnitude and Source Parameters Using Genetic Algorithms

Construction of Long-term Seismic Catalog with Deep Learning and Characterization of Preseismic Fault Behavior in the Ridgecrest-Coso Region (2008-2019)

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