A decade of Boko Haram activities: the attacks, responses and challenges ahead

Multisectoral intervention on food security in complex emergencies: a discourse on regional resilience praxis in Northeast Nigeria

“…Unfortunately, increase in affected population in phase 1 (from 1,5854,001 to 1,966,9762) and phase 3 (from 3,091,519 to 3,595,721) between 2018 and 2022 respectively may be attributed to demographic change and the negative effects of COVID-19. However, this casts doubts on the sincerity and commitment of actors involved and the efficacies of interventions, counterinsurgency operations and resettlement of displaced populations across the region, in the last three years, given the enormity of resources expended (Badewa, 2020;Omenma et al, 2020). Considering the four dimensions of food and nutrition security, the population's vulnerability to environmental hazards and violent conflicts has further impaired regional resilience and livelihoods in Nigeria and neighbouring Lake Chad basin communities in Cameroon, Chad, and Niger (Respondents P3, P7 & P9).…”

“…Unfortunately, these practices are impaired by insurgency and counterinsurgency operations (Akinola, 2015;Badewa, 2020). The inaccessibility of several farmlands and destruction of assets and communication facilities, curtailing regional food production, explain the vulnerability of the population and their livelihood assets to these emergencies (D'Amato, 2018;Okpara et al, 2015;Omenma et al, 2020).…”

“…Some NGOs and multilateral institutions maintained that "interventions to boost local fertiliser production, essential inputs including mechanisation and transport infrastructure should be expedited" (Respondents P1, P8 & P9). These concerns amplify the imperative of close cooperation between small farms and allied economic sectors, backed by private-sector development policies and economic reforms as the fulcrum of stability and development in North-east Nigeria (Okoli & Iortyer, 2014;Omenma et al, 2020;Oyewole, 2013).…”

“…Going forward, multi-stakeholders solutions to diversify agriculture and livelihoods support to enhance rural population's resilience and sustainable livelihoods (Ojo & Adebayo, 2012;Otekunrin, 2022;Taiwo & Omifolaji, 2015) is validated in the study's findings. Such submission is reinforced by the demand for social justice, political inclusion and economic reforms as key drivers of development and rebuilding processes in Northeast Nigeria (Okoli & Iortyer, 2014;Omenma et al, 2020;Oyewole, 2013).…”

“…The military approach to counterterrorism in Northeast Nigeria exacerbates livelihood disruption and food insecurity. Therefore, social justice, political inclusion and economic reforms are required for stability and development across Nigeria (Okoli & Iortyer, 2014;Omenma et al, 2020;Oyewole, 2013).…”