A debris flow triggered by the breaching of a moraine-dammed lake, Klattasine Creek, British Columbia

Clague, John J.; Evans, Stephen G.; Blown, I.G.

doi:10.1139/e85-155

Cited by 74 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…In this respect, the flow resembles that of hyperconcentrated flows and granular debris flows (Costa, 1984;Coussot and Meunier, 1996), which are common in steep mountain valleys with large amounts of in-channel sediment. Similar granular flows from moraine-dam failures have been recorded elsewhere in British Columbia (Blown and Church, 1985;Clague et al, 1985;Clague and Evans, 1992). There is evidence for hyperconcentrated flow during the moraine breach phase of the 1997 Queen Bess outburst flood just below the moraine dam and where the channel gradient is relatively steep (14°).…”

Section: Evidence For a Two-phase Floodsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…The floods are much larger than normal rainfall and nival floods (Carling and Glaister, 1987;Costa and Schuster, 1988;Costa, 1988;O'Connor and Costa, 1993;Evans, 1994, 2000;Cenderelli, 2000;Cenderelli and Wohl, 2001) and can mobilize large volumes of sediment from the moraine dam and the stream channel below the dam (Blown and Church, 1985;Clague et al, 1985;Haeberli et al, 1989;Desloges and Church, 1992;O'Connor et al, 2001;Cenderelli and Wohl, 2003). Large-scale, local aggradation and degradation of the valley are common results of these floods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geomorphic and sedimentological signature of a two‐phase outburst ﬂood from moraine‐dammed Queen Bess Lake, British Columbia, Canada

Kershaw

Clague

Evans

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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119

106

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On 12 August 1997, the lower part of Diadem Glacier in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia fell into Queen Bess Lake and produced a train of large waves. The waves overtopped the broad end moraine at the east end of the lake and flooded the valley of the west fork of Nostetuko River. The displacement waves also incised the outflow channel across the moraine. Stratigraphic and sedimentologic evidence supports the conclusion that the flood had two phases, one related to wave overtopping and a second to breach formation. Empirical equations were used to calculate the peak discharge of the flood at various points along the west fork of the Nostetuko valley and to describe the attenuation of the flood wave. The velocity of the flood was also calculated to determine the time it took for the flood to reach the main fork of Nostetuko River. The highest peak discharges were achieved in the upper reach of the valley during the displacement phase of the flood. Peak discharge declined rapidly just below the moraine dam, with little change thereafter for approximately 7 km. Empirical formulae and boulder measurements indicate a rise in peak discharge in the lower part of the west fork valley. We suggest that flow in the upper part of the valley records the passage of two separate flood peaks and that the rise in discharge in the lower part of the valley is due to amalgamation of the wave and breach peaks. Hydraulic ponding in confined reaches of the valley extended the duration of the flood. In addition, erosion of vegetation and sediment in the channel and valley sides may also have exerted an influence on the duration and nature of flooding. Sediments were deposited both upstream and downstream of channel constrictions and on a large fan extending out into the trunk Nostetuko River valley. This study extends our understanding of the variety and complexity of outburst floods from naturally dammed lakes. It also shows that simple empirical and other models for estimating peak discharges of outburst floods are likely to yield erroneous results.

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Section: Evidence For a Two-phase Floodsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphic and sedimentological signature of a two‐phase outburst ﬂood from moraine‐dammed Queen Bess Lake, British Columbia, Canada

Kershaw

Clague

Evans

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

Self Cite

119

106

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show abstract

“…The inclusion of a Canadian lake outburst (Klattasine Lake, Clague et al 1985) into the dataset of the Alps indicates that for discharges in excess of 1000 m 3 /s, the critical slope might be lower than the data from the Alps suggest.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 96%

Remote sensing based assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts: a case study in the Swiss Alps

Huggel¹,

Kääb²,

Haeberli³

et al. 2002

Can. Geotech. J.

471

437

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Glacier lakes are a common phenomenon in high mountain areas. Outbursts from glacier lakes have repeatedly caused the loss of human lives as well as severe damage to local infrastructure. In several high mountain ranges around the world, a grave uncertainty about the hazard potential of glacier lakes still exists, especially with respect to the effects of accelerating rates of glacier retreat as a consequence of atmospheric warming. Area-wide detection and modeling of glacier lake hazard potentials is, therefore, a major challenge. In this study, an approach integrating three scale levels allows for the progressive focus on critical glacier lakes. Remote sensing methods for application in glacier lake hazard assessment are presented, and include channel indexing, data fusion, and change detection. Each method matches the requirements of a certain scale level. For estimating potential disaster amplitudes, assessments must be made of maximum discharge and runout distance of outbursts floods and debris flows. Existing empirical relations are evaluated and complementary ones as derived from available data are proposed. Tests with observations from a recent outburst event from a moraine-dammed lake in the Swiss Alps show the basic applicability of the proposed techniques and the usefulness of empirical relations for first hazard assessments. In particular, the observed runout distance of the debris flow resulting from the outburst does not exceed the empirically estimated maximum runout distance. A list of decision criteria and related remote sensing techniques are discussed in conclusion. Such a list is an essential tool for evaluating the hazard potential of a lake. A systematic application of remote sensing based methods for glacier lake hazard assessment is recommended.Key words: glacier lake outburst, hazard potential, remote sensing, empirical parameters.Résumé : Les lacs glaciaires sont un phénomène courant dans les régions de hautes montagnes. La rupture des digues des lacs glaciaires ont causé à maintes reprises des pertes de vie de même que de lourds dommages aux infrastructures locales. Dans plusieurs chaînes de montagnes élevées dans le monde, il existe toujours une grande incertitude quant au potentiel de risques des lacs glaciaires, spécialement en rapport avec les effets de l'accélération des vitesses de retrait des glaciers résultant du réchauffement atmosphérique. La détection sur de grandes surfaces et la modélisation des potentiels de risques des lacs glaciaires présentent en conséquence des défis majeurs. Dans cette étude, une approche intégrant trois niveaux d'échelle permet de mettre l'accent progressivement sur les lacs glaciaires critiques. On présente les méthodes de détection à distance pour l'évaluation des risques dans le cas des lacs glaciaires, incluant l'indexation des canaux, la fusion des données et le changement de détection. Chaque méthode correspond aux exigences d'un certain niveau d'échelle. Pour évaluer les amplitudes de désastres potentiels, on doit faire les évaluati...

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“…Debris flows move at great speed (e.g., 0.8-28 ms -1 from debris flows measured in the 32 field; Rickenmann, 1999) and are able to carry metre-size boulders (e.g., Clague et al, 1985; 33 Kanji et al, 2008). They have great destructive ability and can pose a significant hazard to 34 people and infrastructure.…”

Section: Background 31mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach to estimating hazard posed by debris flows in the Westfjords of Iceland

et al. 2010

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A debris flow triggered by the breaching of a moraine-dammed lake, Klattasine Creek, British Columbia

Cited by 74 publications

References 1 publication

Geomorphic and sedimentological signature of a two‐phase outburst ﬂood from moraine‐dammed Queen Bess Lake, British Columbia, Canada

Geomorphic and sedimentological signature of a two‐phase outburst ﬂood from moraine‐dammed Queen Bess Lake, British Columbia, Canada

Remote sensing based assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts: a case study in the Swiss Alps

A new approach to estimating hazard posed by debris flows in the Westfjords of Iceland

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